Question 1

Which statement would a person most likely remember later the same day?

Accepted Answer

This statement is alarming and would likely be remembered due to the immediate physical sensation and potential threat mentioned.

Question 2

Anthony is given a list of 20 objects to memorize in order. Anthony imagines a walk from home to school and pictures one of the objects on each street corner. Which memory technique is Anthony MOST likely using?

Accepted Answer

Anthony is using visual imagery encoding by associating each object with a specific location on his imagined walk from home to school.

Question 3

Categorizing information based on relationships among the items in a series to be remembered is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

Categorizing information based on relationships among the items in a series to be remembered is the definition of organizational encoding. Semantic encoding involves encoding the meaning of a word or concept. Visual imagery encoding involves creating mental images to aid in encoding. Chunking involves breaking up information into smaller chunks to aid in encoding and recalling.

Question 4

Recent research has suggested that _____ encoding subsequently results in the greatest recall of information.

Accepted Answer

Survival encoding has been shown to result in the greatest recall of information because it taps into our evolutionary instincts, making the information more relevant and memorable.

Question 5

Which area of the frontal lobe is activated during organizational encoding?

Accepted Answer

The upper left area of the frontal lobe, specifically the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, is most consistently activated during organizational encoding tasks, which involve categorizing information and creating relationships between items.

Question 6

Relative to semantic encoding, organizational encoding shows more activation of the upper left _____ lobe.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that organizational encoding activates the upper left frontal lobe more than semantic encoding, which typically activates the left temporal lobe. The upper left frontal lobe is associated with executive functioning and decision making, which are involved in organizing information.

Question 7

Iconic memory is a fast-decaying store of:

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory refers to visual sensory memory that lasts only for a fraction of a second before it decays rapidly. Therefore, the best choice is B) visual memory.

Question 8

After having spent half a day touring the Chicago Institute of Art, Emily had seen hundreds of paintings. To maximize her potential for remembering as many paintings as possible, she decides to categorize each painting depending on its artistic style: Neoclassical, Realistic, Romantic, Impressionist, Abstract, and so on. This method of memorization is called _____ encoding.

Accepted Answer

Organizational encoding involves categorizing information based on some kind of systematic framework, such as grouping paintings by artistic style. This strategy can greatly increase the likelihood of remembering information by organizing it in a more meaningful and memorable way.

Question 9

Sensory information is kept for a few seconds or less in:

Accepted Answer

Sensory information is stored in the sensory memory store for a few seconds or less before either being forgotten or transferred to short-term memory. This is where sensory information such as what we see or hear is first registered before it is processed by the brain.

Question 10

Unlike semantic encoding, visual imagery encoding shows activation of the _____ lobe.

Accepted Answer

Visual imagery encoding involves creating mental images, which require activation of the occipital lobe where visual processing occurs. The other lobes listed are not primarily involved in visual processing.

Question 11

Sperling flashed a matrix of letters for 1/20th of a second to participants. Sperling found that the participants:

Accepted Answer

Sperling's experiment demonstrated that participants were able to store the entire matrix of letters, but only for a brief moment. This suggests that sensory memory has a large capacity but a short duration. Participants did not attempt to encode the letters in any particular order, indicating that they may have been encoded as a whole rather than in parts. There is no evidence to suggest that the letters were stored for up to a minute after the presentation, as option D suggests.

Question 12

When Matt sleeps over at his grandma's house, he needs to remember to pack his pajamas, a blanket for the bed, slippers, a pair of pants, a shirt, and a jacket. After his mom reminds him what to take, he separates the items into items he will need for the night and items he will need during the day. Matt is using which type of encoding to remember what he should pack?

Accepted Answer

Matt is using organizational encoding by separating the items into two categories based on when he will need them (night vs. day). He is not using visual imagery because he is not creating mental pictures of the items, and he is not using semantic encoding because he is not focusing on the meaning of the items. Sensory encoding involves encoding information based on our senses, and there is no indication that Matt is using his senses to encode this information.

Question 13

Echoic memories last _____ iconic memories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Echoic memories last _____ iconic memories.
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Question 14

Robert calls Darla and asks her to pick up soap, a new pair of slippers, and wine from the store on her way home from work. Instead of making a list, Darla successfully remembers the items to be purchased by picturing herself sipping wine in her slippers, while Robert gives her a sponge bath. What memory technique is Darla MOST likely using?

Accepted Answer

Darla is using visual imagery encoding by creating a mental image of herself wearing slippers, drinking wine, and receiving a sponge bath, which helps her remember the items she needs to purchase.

Question 15

The fast-decaying store of visual information that is forgotten in seconds if not attended to is known as _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

The fast-decaying store of visual information that is forgotten in seconds if not attended to is known as iconic memory. Echoic memory refers to the fast-decaying store of auditory information, while anterograde and retrograde are types of long-term memory.

Question 16

Frank remembers that Virginia Tech and Stanford played in the Orange Bowl by picturing cartoonish turkeys and cardinals hurling oranges at each other on South Beach. Which of the following brain regions would be LEAST involved in the encoding of this information?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Frank remembers that Virginia Tech and Stanford...

Question 17

At the supermarket, Charlotte finds it much easier to remember the food items she needs when she puts them into the categories of fruits, vegetables, and meat. What encoding process is Charlotte using to create and recall memories?

Accepted Answer

Charlotte is using the organizational encoding process to categorize her food items into groups. This makes it easier for her to remember the items she needs as she can recall all the items within a particular category at once. Organizational encoding involves categorizing information into meaningful groups to aid in memory retrieval.

Question 18

The encoding of survival-related information is effective because it often requires participants to engage in:

Accepted Answer

Extensive planning is often required in the encoding of survival-related information because it involves anticipating future needs and potential threats, which necessitates a detailed and forward-thinking approach. This process enhances memory retention by making the information more relevant and significant to the individual's survival.

Question 19

The store of auditory information that decays very rapidly is called _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory refers to the short-term memory storage of auditory information. It has a brief retention time, typically less than 10 seconds, and is believed to be important for speech perception and language processing.

Question 20

Brittany is daydreaming in class when her instructor asks her a question. Brittany finds that, even though she was not paying attention, she can replay in her "mind's ear" the instructor's last words, taking advantage of a process called:

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory is the sensory memory for auditory stimuli, meaning it allows us to briefly recall auditory information after it has been heard. In this scenario, Brittany was able to use her echoic memory to recall the instructor's last words, even though she was not actively listening at that moment.

Quiz 6: Section 2: Memory