Question 1

Closer objects cast larger images on the retina than objects farther away, a _____ depth cue known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Monocular depth cues

Question 2

Painting a field of sunflowers, Casey delineated the flowers in the foreground and blended those farther away in the field, as she saw them in life. She was depicting:

Accepted Answer

Casey's technique of blending the sunflowers that are farther away to depict depth is an example of a texture gradient. This is a monocular cue in perception that shows that as a texture or pattern becomes denser or less distinct, it appears farther away.

Question 3

The View-Master toy and 3-D movies are based on which depth cue?

Accepted Answer

The View-Master toy and 3-D movies use binocular disparity, which is the difference in the retinal images of the two eyes that provides information about depth.

Question 4

Hold your right index finger two feet in front of your face, close one eye, and look at your finger. Now alternate eyes, opening and closing each eye rapidly. Your finger jumps back and forth, illustrating which depth cue?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described illustrates binocular disparity, which is the slight difference in the image seen by each eye due to their slightly different positions. This disparity is used by the brain to gauge depth perception.

Question 5

As illustrated by the Ames room illusion, if you perceive that two objects (A and B) are an equal distance from you, yet Object A casts a larger image on your retina, you will conclude that Object A is _____ Object B.

Accepted Answer

The Ames room illusion tricks our brain into believing that two objects are at equal distances even though they are not, and thus, our brain uses the size of objects' retinal image to calculate their size. So in this case, since Object A casts a larger image on the retina, our brain concludes that Object A is larger than object B.

Question 6

Objects that cast a greater retinal disparity are perceived as being:

Accepted Answer

Objects that cast a greater retinal disparity are perceived as being closer. Retinal disparity refers to the fact that because our eyes are separated by a few centimeters, each eye receives a slightly different image of the same object. The closer an object is to us, the greater the retinal disparity between the images received by the two eyes. As a result, our brain interprets this as the object being closer.

Question 7

A region in the _____ lobe termed _____ is involved in perceiving motion.

Accepted Answer

The region in the temporal lobe termed MT (medial temporal) is involved in perceiving motion.

Question 8

You are at Niagara Falls, staring at the downward rush of the water for several seconds. When you then look at the nearby trees and rocks, they will seem to be:

Accepted Answer

When staring at the downward rush of the water at Niagara Falls, the visual system becomes adapted to the downward motion. When the eyes shift to nearby stationary objects like trees and rocks, they will appear to be moving upward due to an aftereffect known as the motion aftereffect. This happens because the neurons responsible for detecting motion in the visual system become tired and adapt to the downward motion of the falls, causing them to fire less in response to still objects that are not moving downward.

Question 9

Damage to area _____ in the _____ stream leads to a deficit in motion perception.

Accepted Answer

Damage to area MT (middle temporal) in the dorsal stream has been linked to deficits in motion perception.

Question 10

Kevin correctly judged that his car was parked farther from his classroom than his friend's car because it cast a smaller image on his retina than his friend's. His brain was making use of a monocular cue called:

Accepted Answer

Kevin's brain used the monocular cue of familiar size, which involves judging distance based on the known size of objects and the size of their retinal image.

Question 11

Because the brown bear is partially obscured by the car, Nick assumes that the car is closer to him than the bear. Nick is depending on the cue called:

Accepted Answer

Interposition occurs when one object blocks our view of another object. In this scenario, the car is partially blocking Nick's view of the brown bear, leading him to assume that the car is closer to him than the bear. This is an example of interposition as the car is serving as an obstruction between Nick and the bear. Relative size refers to the perception of size based on the comparison of objects, texture gradient refers to the perception of distance based on the consistency of texture, and retinal disparity refers to the difference between the images projected onto each eye. None of these cues are relevant to Nick's assumption in this particular situation.

Question 12

Railway tracks seem to converge in the distance, an example of the monocular depth cue known as:

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective refers to the tendency for parallel lines to appear to converge as they recede into the distance. This is clearly seen in the way railway tracks seem to converge in the distance. The other options – texture gradient, interposition, and retinal disparity – do not accurately describe this particular visual phenomenon.

Question 13

Which statement about object recognition theories is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Image-based theories can account for how we recognize a friend's face from a stranger's face, as they focus on the visual information in the image itself. In contrast, parts-based theories focus on recognizing three-dimensional parts of objects and may struggle to account for variations in faces or other complex objects.

Question 14

To perceive motion, the brain must encode information about:

Accepted Answer

To perceive motion, the brain must process information about both space and time. It needs to detect changes in position over time to understand movement, and it needs to do this in the context of spatial coordinates. Intention and change may also play a role in some cases, but they are not as fundamental as space and time. C is not correct because motion can occur without a change in time (e.g. circular motion), and D is not correct because intention is not necessary for the perception of motion.

Question 15

According to _____ theories, the brain recognizes objects by comparing the current pattern of retinal stimulation to its library of mental templates of objects.

Accepted Answer

Image-based theories suggest that the brain recognizes objects by comparing the current pattern of retinal stimulation to its library of mental templates of objects. This approach posits that recognition occurs through the direct comparison of visual input to stored images or templates in the brain.

Question 16

Object is to geon as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Object is to geon as:
...

Question 17

When two objects cast a retinal image of the same size, the one that is perceived as being _____ will be perceived as _____.

Accepted Answer

According to the size-distance invariance principle, if two objects cast a retinal image of the same size, the one that is perceived as being farther away will be perceived as larger. This is because our brain uses other depth cues, such as familiar size, to infer that the farther object must be larger if it casts the same size retinal image as the closer object.

Question 18

Misty is standing at the edge of a large field of flowers. She perceives the flowers lower in her visual field as _____ than the flowers higher in her visual field due to _____.

Accepted Answer

When an object is higher in the visual field, it appears closer due to its relative height in the image. Therefore, the flowers higher in her visual field will appear closer to Misty than the flowers lower in her field of view.

Question 19

From three-dimensional geometric elements such as cubes and tetrahedrons, along with their spatial relations, Jesse recognizes that he is standing in front of a house. This best illustrates _____ theories of object recognition.

Accepted Answer

Parts-based theories of object recognition suggest that objects are recognized by analyzing their component parts and their relations to one another. Jesse's ability to recognize a house based on its three-dimensional geometric elements suggests a parts-based approach, as opposed to template-based (matching objects to stored mental templates), Gestalt (emphasizing the whole over the parts), or image-based (relying on visual similarity between an object and an image in memory) theories.

Question 20

Larry is at a stock-car racing event and has been watching cars race across his visual field from left to right for an hour. Hungry, he redirects his attention and focuses on the concession stand. To his surprise, it appears to be moving:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the motion aftereffect, where prolonged viewing of a moving object can create an illusion of motion in other stationary objects. In this case, Larry's prolonged viewing of cars moving from left to right has caused his brain to adapt and perceive stationary objects, such as the concession stand, as moving in the opposite direction (right to left).

Quiz 4: Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Closer objects cast larger images on the retina than objects farther away, a _ depth cue known as _.