Question 1

William James viewed consciousness as similar to:

Accepted Answer

William James famously used the metaphor of a "stream of consciousness" to describe the continuous and ever-changing nature of conscious experience. So, the closest choice is A.

Question 2

Which accomplishment was G. Stanley Hall NOT the first to achieve?

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall was not the first to measure the speed of a nervous impulse. This was done by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1850.

Question 3

G. Stanley Hall is to _____ as _____ is to Wilhelm Wundt.

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall is associated with William James, while Wilhelm Wundt is associated with Edward Titchener.

Question 4

G. Stanley Hall is known for his contributions in the research areas of:

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall is known for his contributions in the research areas of development and education, specifically in the field of child psychology. He is considered the father of the child study movement and founded the American Journal of Psychology and the American Psychological Association.

Question 5

The study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling us to adapt to our environment is called:

Accepted Answer

The study of the purpose or function of mental processes in enabling us to adapt to our environment is known as functionalism. This approach emphasizes the practical uses of mental processes in allowing individuals to behave and survive effectively in their environment. Structuralism, on the other hand, focuses on breaking down mental processes into their basic components, while social Darwinism is a philosophy that applies the concept of survival of the fittest to human societies. Behaviorism, meanwhile, emphasizes observable behaviors and the environmental factors that shape them.

Question 6

Which psychologist established the structuralism school of psychology in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Edward Titchener established the structuralism school of psychology in the United States.

Question 7

William James was a noted:

Accepted Answer

William James was a renowned functionalist who emphasized the importance of studying the purpose and functionality of mental processes and behavior rather than just the structure or components. He believed that consciousness was a continuous stream of thoughts and ideas, and explored various topics such as free will, emotions, and the self.

Question 8

William James is to _____ as Wilhelm Wundt is to _____.

Accepted Answer

William James is known as one of the founders of functionalism, while Wilhelm Wundt is known as the founder of structuralism. Therefore, the best choice is B, functionalism and structuralism.

Question 9

The major reason why structuralism ultimately failed as a school of psychology was that:

Accepted Answer

The methods used by structuralists, such as introspection, did not produce replicable observations, meaning that different observers did not consistently report the same results. This lack of validity greatly weakened the credibility of structuralism as a scientific approach to psychology.

Question 10

The unpredictable nature of results from introspection contributed to the decline of:

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was a school of psychology that relied heavily on introspection as a method of study. However, the unreliable and unpredictable nature of introspection contributed to the decline of structuralism as a dominant perspective in psychology.

Question 11

William James's school of functionalism was most influenced by the works of:

Accepted Answer

William James's school of functionalism was heavily influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. James believed that the mind and behavior evolved over time to adapt to the environment, and that mental processes could be understood in terms of their functions in helping individuals survive and reproduce. While B.F. Skinner and Wilhelm Wundt made important contributions to psychology, they were not significant influences on James's functionalism. René Descartes was a philosopher who lived centuries before James and is not directly relevant to the development of functionalism.

Question 12

Wundt argued that James's approach to psychology was flawed because James:

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt criticized William James for not conducting much laboratory research. Wundt, often considered the father of experimental psychology, emphasized the importance of laboratory experiments in psychology, which he believed James neglected in favor of a broader, more philosophical approach.

Question 13

Who opened the first psychological laboratory in North America?

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall opened the first psychological laboratory in North America in 1883 at Johns Hopkins University.

Question 14

Which school of psychology was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes, as it emphasized the functions and purposes of mental processes in helping individuals adapt to their environment.

Question 15

Studies have demonstrated that we attend to only a fraction of the sensory information that the brain receives. Based on this information, William James would be MOST interested in which research question?

Accepted Answer

William James was interested in understanding the adaptive functions of mental processes. Therefore, he would be most interested in understanding why the brain filters out most sensory information and how it is advantageous for the mind to do so.

Question 16

Research participants are asked to rotate a three-dimensional object in their minds. William James would be MOST interested in which research question?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research participants are asked to rotate a...

Question 17

In one experiment, Wundt instructed participants in one group to concentrate on perceiving a tone when it sounded before pressing a button. Participants in another group were simply instructed to press the button as soon as the tone sounded. Wundt found that participants in the first group responded slightly more slowly. This experiment was designed to distinguish between:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one experiment, Wundt instructed participants in...

Question 18

The functionalist approach was MOST influenced by the theory of:

Accepted Answer

The functionalist approach was influenced by natural selection, particularly the idea that certain psychological traits or behaviors developed because they served an adaptive purpose in helping humans survive and reproduce. This emphasis on adaptation and function helped shape the functionalist approach.

Question 19

Whereas Wundt was interested in the relationship between the elements of consciousness, Titchener was interested in identifying the:

Accepted Answer

Titchener's focus was on identifying the basic elements of consciousness (such as sensations, images, and feelings) through introspection, rather than examining their relationships.

Question 20

Edward Titchener is known for:

Accepted Answer

Edward Titchener is known for establishing structuralism in the United States. He was a student of Wilhelm Wundt and brought his ideas to the United States when he became a professor at Cornell University. Titchener focused on the content of conscious experience and developed methods for studying the structure of the mind through introspection.

Quiz 1: Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science