One day at school, Josh gets up real quick from the table and spills paint all over Frank's art project. Frank thinks to himself, "I'll teach that little creep to be more careful" and he consciously plans an aggressive means of getting back at Josh for his carelessness. From the perspective of Dodge's social information-processing theory of aggression, Frank would be classified as

Question

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Frank is consciously planning a means of getting back at Josh, which fits the definition of proactive aggression in Dodge's social information-processing theory. Reactive aggression is a more impulsive response to a perceived provocation, while relational aggression involves social manipulation or exclusion rather than physical harm. Passive aggression involves indirect or passive means of expressing aggression, which is not the case here.

One Day at School, Josh Gets Up Real Quick from the Table