Question 1

Sigmund Freud arrives for a therapy session with Albert Ellis.Freud's main complaint is depression;it seems that Freud's writings have not received the kind of response he had hoped for and expected.What is Ellis most likely to say during the therapy session?

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis, as a cognitive-behavioral therapist, would likely focus on addressing Freud's cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs about his work being universally accepted. He would challenge Freud to reframe his thinking and recognize that it is impossible for everyone to agree with his ideas.

Question 2

In which form of therapy does the therapist take a directive role,challenging clients when they make "my way or nothing" statements?

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a directive form of therapy in which the therapist challenges clients' irrational beliefs and thought patterns. This includes challenging clients when they make "my way or nothing" statements, as the therapist aims to help clients develop a more flexible and adaptive perspective. In contrast, psychoanalysis and person-centered therapy are more exploratory and non-directive, while behavior therapy focuses on changing behavior through conditioning and reinforcement.

Question 3

____________ therapies have had considerable success in treating many types of disorders,including depression,stress disorders,anxiety disorders,and even some of the behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies have been shown to be effective in treating a range of disorders, particularly depression, anxiety disorders, and stress-related disorders. These therapies focus on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, and have also been used to help manage symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. Humanistic and psychoanalytic therapies have not been as extensively studied or shown to be as effective for many types of disorders. Biomedical therapies, such as medication, can also be effective for some individuals, but may not be the best choice for everyone.

Question 4

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts.Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational,helpful,positive thoughts.In addition,she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems.She is probably a ______________ therapist.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is working on identifying and changing irrational thoughts, which is a key component of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The focus is on changing behavior and thoughts in a practical and solution-focused way. Person-centered therapy focuses on providing empathy and unconditional positive regard to the client, while psychoanalytic therapy focuses on understanding unconscious conflicts and early experiences. Gestalt therapy focuses on the present experience and encouraging clients to take responsibility for themselves.

Question 5

Rational-emotive behavior therapy presumes that the ultimate cause for distressing feelings or symptoms is due to ________.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is based on the premise that it is not events or situations themselves that cause emotional and behavioral problems. Rather, it is one's thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes about those events that create distress. REBT aims to identify and change irrational and self-defeating beliefs, replacing them with more rational and adaptive ones. Therefore, the ultimate cause of distress is faulty or illogical thoughts.

Question 6

Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy aims to help clients identify and change negative, irrational, or unhelpful thoughts and beliefs through techniques such as cognitive restructuring and behavioral modification. The other options (A, B, and D) describe goals of other types of therapies such as psychoanalysis, humanistic therapy, and gestalt therapy.

Question 7

Rational-emotive behavior therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive behavior therapy is a form of cognitive therapy, which focuses on identifying and changing irrational and negative thought patterns that contribute to emotional distress.

Question 8

Therapies that focus on the present and assume that people observe the world and the people around them,make assumptions and inferences based on these observations,and then decide how to respond is called___________.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a present-focused therapy that emphasizes the role of our thought patterns and beliefs in influencing our emotions and behavior. CBT assumes that individuals make judgments and form beliefs based on their observations and experiences, and that these beliefs can be changed to improve mental health and well-being. Person-centered therapy is a humanistic therapy that focuses on providing a supportive and accepting environment, while behavior therapy is focused on modifying specific behaviors. Gestalt therapy emphasizes the importance of being present in the moment and experiencing emotions fully, but does not specifically focus on identifying thought patterns and beliefs.

Question 9

DeMario's wife,Marta,asks him if he wants some help cutting the grass and weeding the garden.He declines the offer and feels "blue" for the rest of the day because he keeps thinking,"Marta thinks I am getting older and losing my physical abilities." What type of cognitive distortion is involved here?

Accepted Answer

The answer of DeMario's wife,Marta,asks him if he wants some...

Question 10

________ is credited with developing rational-emotive behavioral therapy.

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis is credited with developing rational-emotive behavioral therapy.

Question 11

Rational-emotive therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which focuses on changing negative and irrational thought patterns and behaviors. It emphasizes the role that thoughts play in producing negative emotions and encourages clients to challenge and change those thoughts.

Question 12

Your friend has applied to several medical schools.After receiving several rejection letters,she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and will have no future with a real career.Your friend is engaging in___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend has applied to several medical...

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the cognitive distortions proposed by Aaron Beck?

Accepted Answer

Selective thinking is a cognitive distortion proposed by Aaron Beck. It refers to the tendency to focus only on certain aspects of a situation while ignoring the rest, often leading to a biased and incomplete understanding of reality. The other options (B, C, D) are also examples of cognitive distortions, but they were not specifically proposed by Aaron Beck.

Question 14

Which approach assumes that disorders come from illogical,irrational cognitions and that changing the thinking patterns to more rational,logical ones will relieve the symptoms of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy assumes that disorders come from illogical and irrational cognitions, and the goal is to change those thinking patterns to more rational, logical ones to relieve symptoms of the disorder. Person-centered therapy focuses on the individual's experiences, while psychoanalytic therapy focuses on exploring and resolving unconscious conflicts. Gestalt therapy focuses on the integration of mind, body, and emotions.

Question 15

Your friend has applied to several medical schools.After receiving one rejection letter,she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and feels depressed.Your friend is engaging in___________.

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization is the tendency to make broad, negative conclusions based on limited information or experiences. In this case, the friend is concluding that she won't be admitted to any medical schools based on one rejection letter.

Question 16

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating beliefs.She uses persuasion,confrontation,arguments,and even homework assignments to challenge those beliefs.She is probably a ______ therapist.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy is a type of psychotherapy that aims to help clients identify and change irrational beliefs that lead to negative emotions and self-defeating behaviors. The therapist actively challenges the client's beliefs by using persuasive arguments and homework assignments to encourage the client to adopt more rational and constructive beliefs. This approach is often confrontational and directive, which is consistent with the description given in the question.

Question 17

Azdah's teenage son fails his mathematics exam due to lack of studying.She immediately assumes that it is her fault.Azdah is engaging in___________.

Accepted Answer

Azdah is taking personal responsibility for her son's failure in mathematics even though she may not have been directly responsible for his lack of studying. This is an example of personalization, which involves taking excessive responsibility for events or situations that may not be entirely within one's control.

Question 18

When someone "jumps to conclusions," Beck would say that he or she is suffering from a distortion in thought called ______________.

Accepted Answer

Arbitrary inference is the cognitive distortion where an individual makes a conclusion without supporting evidence, or even in the face of contradictory evidence, which is akin to "jumping to conclusions."

Question 19

Dinah,a therapist,works with her clients to help them change their problematic behaviors and irrational thoughts and provide new,more adaptive behaviors and beliefs to replace old,maladaptive ones.Dinah uses what type of therapy?

Accepted Answer

Dinah's approach involves both changing behaviors and modifying thoughts and beliefs, which is characteristic of cognitive-behavior therapy. Behavior therapy alone focuses solely on changing behaviors, while psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy are focused on exploring emotions and personal growth rather than changing specific behaviors and thoughts.

Question 20

According to Albert Ellis,we become unhappy and depressed about events because of _______.

Accepted Answer

According to Albert Ellis and his cognitive-behavioral therapy approach, it is not the external events that lead to unhappiness and depression, but rather our irrational beliefs and negative thoughts about these events. By challenging and changing our irrational beliefs, we can improve our emotional well-being.

Quiz 15: Psychological Therapies