Question 1

Suppose you're pitching in a baseball game facing a good hitter.You remember that you struck him out with a fastball the last time he was u
A)central executive
B)fight-or-flight response
C)modality-specific memory
D)long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you're pitching in a baseball game...

Question 2

Someone a short distance away,to whom you have been paying no attention,quietly speaks your name,and suddenly you attend to that person.This is an example of __________.
A)Broadbent's process of selective memory
B)the phi phenomenon
C)the cocktail party effect
D)cue-controlled inhibition

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of the cocktail party effect, where one's attention is suddenly drawn to a previously ignored stimulus (in this case, someone saying their name) due to its personal relevance. Broadbent's process of selective memory refers to how individuals filter and attend to certain sensory information, while the phi phenomenon is an optical illusion related to the perception of motion. Cue-controlled inhibition refers to the suppression of automatic responses in favor of controlled responses, which is not applicable in this scenario.

Question 3

Which theorist is associated with the idea that information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory through the processes of selective attention?
A)Thorndike
B)Atkinson
C)Sperling
D)Broadbent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theorist is associated with the idea...

Question 4

Micah is trying to remember the specific route he took to the library the night before.What part of working memory is he accessing?
A)the articulatory loop
B)the visual sketchpad
C)the internal executive
D)the control sequence

Accepted Answer

Micah is accessing the visual sketchpad, which is responsible for holding visual and spatial information in working memory. He is likely trying to visualize the streets and landmarks he passed on the way to the library.

Question 5

What "magic number" did Miller find to be the capacity of short-term memory?
A)11
B)9
C)7
D)5

Accepted Answer

Miller found the capacity of short-term memory to be approximately 7 items, give or take 2 items. This is also known as the "7 plus or minus 2" rule.

Question 6

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments,such as the first three digits,then the next two,and then the final four.Each of these short segments of the number are called ________.
A)codes
B)cues
C)chunks
D)stores

Accepted Answer

Segments of information grouped together for easier recall are called "chunks".

Question 7

Chunking is a means of ______.
A)immediately forgetting irrelevant details
B)combining information into meaningful units
C)arranging details into a hierarchy from most to least important
D)storing long-term memories

Accepted Answer

Chunking involves grouping information into meaningful units, such as organizing a phone number into smaller groups (e.g. 555-1234 instead of 5551234). This can enhance short-term memory capacity and ease the process of encoding information into long-term memory.

Question 8

The duration of iconic memory is _______ than echoic memory,but iconic's capacity is probably ________.
A)shorter;larger
B)longer;larger
C)longer;about the same
D)shorter;about the same

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory lasts for a very brief duration of approximately one-third of a second, which is shorter than the duration of echoic memory, which can last up to four seconds. However, iconic memory has a larger capacity than echoic memory, which can only hold a limited amount of auditory information.

Question 9

If one wants to increase the capacity of short-term memory,more items can be held through the process of __________.
A)chunking
B)decoding
C)rote rehearsal
D)data compression

Accepted Answer

Chunking involves grouping individual pieces of information into larger, meaningful units, thereby increasing the capacity of short-term memory.

Question 10

The only time selective attention is not working at its peak is __________.
A)during deep sleep,and it is still functioning even then
B)during REM sleep,as dreams block attention
C)when your short-term memory contains more than nine items
D)when you are storing items in eidetic imaginal memory

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is least active during deep sleep, although it still functions to some extent.

Question 11

In the 1950s,George Miller estimated the number of items that could be stored in short-term memory to be the magic number __________.
A)5,plus or minus 4
B)7,plus or minus 2
C)9,plus or minus 3
D)11,plus or minus 1

Accepted Answer

George Miller's estimate was that the magic number for short-term memory is 7, plus or minus 2 items.

Question 12

Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order.She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE.This tactic is called ______.
A)cueing
B)shadowing
C)rote rehearsal
D)chunking

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the strategy of breaking down information into smaller, more manageable units or chunks. Loni used this strategy by dividing the letters into two words, INK and LATE, making it easier to remember.

Question 13

Which memory system is the one that is a working,active system that processes the information within it?
A)long-term memory
B)short-term memory
C)secondary memory
D)cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is the working, active system that processes information within it. It has a limited capacity and duration, and information that is not rehearsed or transferred to long-term memory can be lost quickly. Long-term memory and secondary memory refer to different ways of categorizing and storing memories, but they are not the active, working memory system. Cognitive dissonance is a psychological concept related to the discomfort that arises when beliefs or behaviors are inconsistent. It is not a memory system.

Question 14

According to Baddeley,which memory system is best conceived of as three interrelated systems: central executive,visual sketchpad,and auditory recorder?
A)sensory memory
B)working memory
C)long-term memory
D)procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Baddeley's model of working memory includes three interrelated systems: the central executive, which is responsible for attention and control; the phonological loop or auditory recorder, which deals with spoken and written language; and the visuospatial sketchpad or visual sketchpad, which is responsible for processing visual and spatial information. Therefore, the correct option is B - working memory.

Question 15

Information gets from sensory memory to short-term memory through the process of __________.
A)elaborative rehearsal
B)maintenance rehearsal
C)automatic encoding
D)selective attention

Accepted Answer

Information in sensory memory is initially received through our senses, but only a small portion of that information is attended to and can be transferred to short-term memory. This process is called selective attention. Elaborative and maintenance rehearsal occur in short-term and long-term memory, respectively, and automatic encoding does not involve the transfer of information from sensory to short-term memory.

Question 16

Bethany is trying to focus on a conversation across the room during a party she is attending.This is because she thinks she heard her name above the din of the conversation.Her ability to hear her name is due to the mechanism of __________.
A)Broadbent's forgetting theory
B)the homecoming queen party phenomenon
C)selective attention
D)intimacy

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring others. In this scenario, Bethany is focusing on the conversation across the room because she thinks she heard her name, demonstrating her ability to selectively attend to certain stimuli.

Question 17

Sitting in a very noisy restaurant,you are able to screen out all the other conversations around you so you can listen to the friend with whom you are conversing.This is an example of __________.
A)Broadbent's forgetting theory
B)the homecoming queen party phenomenon
C)selective attention
D)intimacy

Accepted Answer

This is an example of selective attention, where an individual can focus their attention on a specific stimulus or conversation while selectively filtering out other stimuli or conversations.

Question 18

Which type of memory allows us to have meaningful conversations?
A)iconic memory
B)echoic memory
C)distributed memory
D)procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory is a type of sensory memory that allows individuals to retain auditory information for short periods, enabling the processing necessary for understanding and responding in conversations.

Question 19

Bits of information are combined into meaningful units so that more information can be held in short-term memory through the process of ______.
A)chunking
B)categorizing
C)rote rehearsal
D)cueing

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of grouping individual bits of information together into meaningful units, which allows more information to be held in short-term memory. Categorizing and cueing are related processes, but they do not directly involve combining information into meaningful units as chunking does. Rote rehearsal involves repeating information over and over to store it in memory but does not involve combining information into chunks.

Question 20

Laboratory studies using the recall of letters and numbers indicate that short-term memory is probably coded __________.
A)verbally
B)visually
C)semantically
D)physically

Accepted Answer

The answer of Laboratory studies using the recall of letters...

Quiz 6: Memory

Suppose you're pitching in a baseball game facing a good hitter.You remember that you struck him out with a fastball the last time he was u

Someone a short distance away,to whom you have been paying no attention,quietly speaks your name,and suddenly you attend to that person.This is an example of __________.

Which theorist is associated with the idea that information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory through the processes of selective attention?

Micah is trying to remember the specific route he took to the library the night before.What part of working memory is he accessing?

What "magic number" did Miller find to be the capacity of short-term memory?

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments,such as the first three digits,then the next two,and then the final four.Each of these short segments of the number are called ________.

Chunking is a means of ______.

The duration of iconic memory is _ than echoic memory,but iconic's capacity is probably __.

If one wants to increase the capacity of short-term memory,more items can be held through the process of __________.

The only time selective attention is not working at its peak is __________.

In the 1950s,George Miller estimated the number of items that could be stored in short-term memory to be the magic number __________.

Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order.She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE.This tactic is called ______.

Which memory system is the one that is a working,active system that processes the information within it?

According to Baddeley,which memory system is best conceived of as three interrelated systems: central executive,visual sketchpad,and auditory recorder?

Information gets from sensory memory to short-term memory through the process of __________.

Bethany is trying to focus on a conversation across the room during a party she is attending.This is because she thinks she heard her name above the din of the conversation.Her ability to hear her name is due to the mechanism of __________.

Sitting in a very noisy restaurant,you are able to screen out all the other conversations around you so you can listen to the friend with whom you are conversing.This is an example of __________.

Which type of memory allows us to have meaningful conversations?

Bits of information are combined into meaningful units so that more information can be held in short-term memory through the process of ______.

Laboratory studies using the recall of letters and numbers indicate that short-term memory is probably coded __________.