Question 1

Bill is standing in his living room and remembers that he needs to add an item to his grocery list (e.g. ,flour),but by the time he gets to the kitchen,he cannot remember what he needed to do.He walks back into his living room,hoping this will jog his memory.Bill is making use of which of the following processes?
A)Encoding specificity
B)Distributed practice
C)Iconic memory
D)State-dependent memory

Accepted Answer

Bill is using encoding specificity, which suggests that memory is improved when information available at encoding is also available at retrieval. By returning to the living room, he is trying to recreate the context in which he initially remembered the task.

Question 2

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?
A)The period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining
B)The period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
C)The period during which the umbilical cord develops
D)The period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional

Accepted Answer

The embryonic period is characterized by the development of the major organs and structures of the organism, which occurs during the first eight weeks of gestation. During this time, the embryo is particularly vulnerable to teratogens, and any disruptions to development can have lasting effects on the individual's health and well-being.

Question 3

The tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances is known as
A)locus of control.
B)treadmill exercise.
C)hedonic treadmill.
D)display rules.

Accepted Answer

The hedonic treadmill refers to the phenomenon where our level of happiness or satisfaction adapts to our circumstances, even if they improve. This means that we may feel a temporary boost in mood due to external circumstances, but our overall happiness will eventually return to its baseline level. The other options are unrelated to this phenomenon.

Question 4

Brain imaging during reasoning tasks that are highly related to general intelligence indicate that the ______________ shows consistent activation across different "g-loaded" tasks.
A)parietal lobe
B)association cortex
C)prefrontal cortex
D)somatosensory cortex

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is consistently activated during reasoning tasks related to general intelligence, as it is involved in complex cognitive behavior, decision making, and moderating social behavior.

Question 5

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that
A)emotions and bodily reactions are simultaneously produced by stimuli.
B)emotions are from our interpretations of bodily reactions to stimuli.
C)emotions are produced by both autonomic arousal and cognition.
D)emotions are based upon our gut feelings.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion states that emotions are produced by both autonomic arousal and cognition. In other words, emotions are influenced by both physiological and cognitive factors. This theory suggests that our emotional experience is not solely based upon bodily reactions or purely cognitive processes, but rather a combination of the two.

Question 6

The expressed purpose of the eugenics movement was to
A)improve a population's genetic stock by implementing sterilization plans for those of low IQ to prevent them from breeding.
B)improve a population's genetic stock by way of delivering increased educational training for those with high IQs.
C)improve a population's genetic stock by way of delivering increased educational training for those with low IQs.
D)improve a population's genetic stock by way of providing those with low IQ increased access to higher education.

Accepted Answer

The eugenics movement aimed to improve the genetic makeup of the population by preventing those deemed "unfit" or "undesirable" from reproducing. This was often done through forced sterilization programs for those with low IQ or certain medical conditions. It was not focused on providing education or access to higher education.

Question 7

Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg agree to be interviewed together on the topic of intelligence.At the end of the interview,what do you conclude is their major point of agreement?
A)Heredity is the major factor determining intelligence.
B)Standardized tests do not assess the many facets of intelligence.
C)There is no correlation between intelligence quotients and academic success in grade school.
D)The concept of intelligence serves no purpose in a society in which computers are so frequently used.

Accepted Answer

Gardner and Sternberg both agree that intelligence is not a single, unitary concept and that standardized tests do not accurately assess the many facets of intelligence. They argue for a broader definition of intelligence that takes into account multiple intelligences and practical abilities.

Question 8

Ginnie is having a conversation with Dustin,and they are standing about 1.5 to 4 feet apart.Based on their proximity to each other,which of the following reflects the most likely relationship between the two individuals?
A)They are romantic partners and are whispering to each other.
B)They are strangers having a conversation about the weather.
C)They are close friends talking about an upcoming group event.
D)They are casual acquaintances discussing course material.

Accepted Answer

The proximity between Ginnie and Dustin suggests a close relationship, which is more likely to be that of close friends planning an upcoming group event. Option A is less likely because they are not whispering, and option B and D are less likely because the proximity suggests a certain level of familiarity with each other.

Question 9

A ______________ occurs when an innocent person is incorrectly labelled as guilty or deceptive on the polygraph test.
A)false positive
B)false negative
C)true positive
D)true negative

Accepted Answer

A false positive occurs when the polygraph test indicates deception or guilt when the person is actually innocent. This can occur due to various factors such as high levels of anxiety or nervousness during the test, which may trigger a response similar to that of someone who is actually lying.

Question 10

IQ tests for children tend to measure ________ while adult IQ tests tend to measure ________.
A)logical reasoning;abstract reasoning
B)sensory skills;abstract reasoning
C)memory skills;abstract reasoning
D)comprehension;abstract reasoning

Accepted Answer

The answer of IQ tests for children tend to measure...

Question 11

Which of the following is a myth concerning development?
A)Children often experience irreversible damage when subject to physical or mental trauma at early ages.
B)Separating an infant from its mother during the first few hours after birth does not have long lasting consequences for emotional adjustment.
C)Children who are survivors of sexual abuse often emerge without severe psychological problems.
D)The brains of children change in response to experience well into early adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The myth is that children often experience irreversible damage when subject to physical or mental trauma at early ages. While early trauma can have significant effects, children can also be resilient and recover with appropriate support and intervention.

Question 12

At 5 years old,Sammy is better able to understand his friends' feelings as compared to when he was 3 years old.Sammy is acquiring a
A)theory of mind.
B)self-concept.
C)sense of self-reflection.
D)sense of identity.

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand others' mental states and emotions is referred to as having a theory of mind, which typically develops during early childhood. The fact that Sammy is better able to understand his friends' feelings at 5 years old suggests that he is acquiring a theory of mind. Self-concept, self-reflection, and sense of identity refer to other aspects of development that may also be emerging during this time, but they are not directly related to Sammy's improved understanding of others' emotions.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is true?
A)Similarities in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different houses must be due to heredity.
B)Differences in intelligence between identical twins must be due to differences in their environments.
C)If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes,yet still have similar intelligence scores,the similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary influences.
D)Prenatal influences have little,if any,influence on intelligence and need not be taken into account when studying environmental influences.

Accepted Answer

The statement "If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes, yet still have similar intelligence scores, the similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary influences" is true. This demonstrates that heredity plays a significant role in determining intelligence. Option A is incorrect because it assumes that the similarity in intelligence between identical twins must be solely due to heredity, which ignores the impact of environmental factors. Option B is also incorrect because genetic factors play a significant role in intelligence, even within identical twins. Option D is incorrect because prenatal influences can significantly impact intelligence and should be considered when studying environmental influences.

Question 14

Research on intelligence testing across different cultures has indicated that if tasks (i.e. ,reproducing visual patterns)are conducted using a medium that is familiar within background culture of the test-taker,then
A)children from privileged countries continue to outperform disadvantaged children.
B)children from minority groups will outperform non-minority group children.
C)scores tend to be similar when tests are administered in a culture-specific manner.
D)overall IQ scores are still lower for non-native language children as they do not assess abstract reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that when intelligence tests are conducted in a culturally specific manner (i.e. using a medium that is familiar within the background culture of the test-taker), scores tend to be more similar across different cultural groups. This indicates that cultural background plays a significant role in determining cognitive abilities, and that intelligence cannot be measured in a culture-neutral way. However, it is important to note that this does not necessarily mean that all cultural groups perform equally on intelligence tests, as other factors such as socioeconomic status and educational opportunities can also impact test performance.

Question 15

Brad is 17 and is looking into career options.He is currently deciding whether he wants to become a gourmet chef or a race car driver.Brad is at what stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development?
A)Integrity versus despair
B)Intimacy versus isolation
C)Generativity versus stagnation
D)Identity versus role confusion

Accepted Answer

Brad is at the stage of identity versus role confusion as he is exploring different career options and trying to establish a sense of self and direction in life. This stage typically occurs during adolescence to early adulthood.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the release of sex hormones during adolescence?
A)Testosterone is the male sex hormone and estrogen is the female sex hormone.
B)Androgens are present in both males and females but estrogen is only present in females.
C)Androgens,such as testosterone,and estrogens are present in both males and females in varying proportions.
D)Testosterone is present in males only,whereas both sexes have varying levels of estrogens.

Accepted Answer

Androgens, such as testosterone, are present in both males and females, while estrogens are primarily associated with females but are also present in males in smaller amounts. During adolescence, there is an increase in both testosterone and estrogen production in both males and females, leading to a variety of physical and physiological changes.

Question 17

Basic units of sound are called __________;basic units of meaning are called __________.
A)phonemes,syntax
B)phonemes,morphemes
C)morphemes,phonemes
D)morphemes,syntax

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the basic units of sound and morphemes are the basic units of meaning in language. Syntax refers to the rules governing sentence structure and word order, which is not a basic unit of sound or meaning. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 18

An inability to perform conservation tasks is associated with the _____________ stage,whereas children lacking in object permanence would be in the _____________ stage.
A)concrete operational;preoperational
B)preoperational;sensorimotor
C)sensorimotor;concrete operational
D)formal operational;preoperational

Accepted Answer

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the inability to perform conservation tasks is associated with the preoperational stage, while lacking object permanence is characteristic of the sensorimotor stage.

Question 19

The key to understanding language acquisition is to
A)consider the structure of the language.
B)study the context in which language is learned and used.
C)concentrate on the biological basis of language.
D)analyze the way a child learns language.

Accepted Answer

Understanding language acquisition involves studying the context in which language is learned and used, as it encompasses social, cultural, and environmental factors that influence how language is acquired and utilized.

Question 20

June is in a business meeting and she is listening to a proposed change to the company's operations that she does not agree with,but is trying to be diplomatic and will discuss the issue with her boss directly.However,she also does not realize that she is displaying a slight frown on her face throughout the meeting.June's behaviour provides an example of
A)gestures.
B)an emblem.
C)nonverbal leakage.
D)proxemics.

Accepted Answer

June's slight frown on her face is a nonverbal leakage, meaning that her true emotions and thoughts are leaking out even though she is trying to control them.

Quiz 17: Psychology: Language Acquisition, Intelligence, Development, and Emotions

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?

The tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances is known as

Brain imaging during reasoning tasks that are highly related to general intelligence indicate that the ______________ shows consistent activation across different "g-loaded" tasks.

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that

The expressed purpose of the eugenics movement was to

Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg agree to be interviewed together on the topic of intelligence.At the end of the interview,what do you conclude is their major point of agreement?

Ginnie is having a conversation with Dustin,and they are standing about 1.5 to 4 feet apart.Based on their proximity to each other,which of the following reflects the most likely relationship between the two individuals?

A ______________ occurs when an innocent person is incorrectly labelled as guilty or deceptive on the polygraph test.

IQ tests for children tend to measure while adult IQ tests tend to measure .

Which of the following is a myth concerning development?

At 5 years old,Sammy is better able to understand his friends' feelings as compared to when he was 3 years old.Sammy is acquiring a

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is true?

Research on intelligence testing across different cultures has indicated that if tasks (i.e. ,reproducing visual patterns) are conducted using a medium that is familiar within background culture of the test-taker,then

Brad is 17 and is looking into career options.He is currently deciding whether he wants to become a gourmet chef or a race car driver.Brad is at what stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development?

Which of the following is true regarding the release of sex hormones during adolescence?

Basic units of sound are called ;basic units of meaning are called .

An inability to perform conservation tasks is associated with the _ stage,whereas children lacking in object permanence would be in the _ stage.

The key to understanding language acquisition is to