What is borderline personality disorder (BPD)? Describe the behaviours displayed by someone who has been diagnosed with BPD and discuss what explanations have been given for BPD.

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--Borderline personality disorder is a condition marked by instability in mood,identity,and impulse control.Individuals with a borderline personality disorder tend to be extremely impulsive and unpredictable,although many are married and hold down good jobs.Their relationships frequently alternate from extremes of worshipping partners one day to hating them the next.Borderline persons' impulsivity and rapidly fluctuating emotions often have a self-destructive quality: Many engage in drug abuse,sexual promiscuity,overeating,and even self-mutilation,like cutting themselves when upset.They may threaten suicide to manipulate others,reflecting the chaotic nature of their relationships.Because many of them experience intense feelings of abandonment when alone,they may jump frantically from one unhealthy relationship to another.
--Explanations of borderline personality disorder.Psychoanalyst Otto Kernberg (1967,1975)traced the roots of borderline personality to childhood problems with developing a sense of self and bonding emotionally to others.According to Kernberg,borderline individuals can't integrate differing perceptions of people,themselves included.This defect supposedly arises from an inborn tendency to experience intense anger and frustration from living with a cold,unempathic mother.Kernberg argued that borderline individuals experience the world and themselves as unstable because they tend to "split" people and experiences into either all good or all bad.Although influential,Kernberg's model of borderline personality remains inadequately researched.According to Marsha Linehan's (1993)sociobiological model,individuals with borderline personality disorder inherit a tendency to overreact to stress and experience lifelong difficulties with regulating their emotions (Crowell,Beauchaine,& Linehan,2009).Indeed,twin studies suggest that borderline personality traits are substantially heritable (Torgersen et al. ,2000).Difficulties in controlling emotions may be responsible for the rejection many individuals with borderline personality disorder encounter,as well as their concerns about being validated,loved,and accepted.Edward Selby and Thomas Joiner's emotional cascade model holds that intense rumination about negative events or emotional experiences may result in uncontrolled "emotional cascades," which prompt self-injurious actions,like cutting.Although these impulsive and desperate actions succeed in providing brief distraction from rumination,they often fuel further bouts of rumination,creating a vicious cycle of problems with regulating emotions (Selby et al. ,2009;Selby & Joiner,2009).

What Is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)? Describe the Behaviours Displayed