Question 1

The key to hypnotic induction is related to
A)the gender of the person doing the hypnotizing.
B)education.
C)state of suggestibility.
D)time of day.

Accepted Answer

The key to hypnotic induction is the state of suggestibility of the person being hypnotized. This means that they are in a state of heightened openness to suggestion and are receptive to the hypnotist's instructions. This state can be achieved through various techniques, including relaxation, concentration, and visualization. The gender of the hypnotist, education levels, and time of day do not have a significant impact on the effectiveness of hypnotic induction.

Question 2

Recent research on déjà vu experiences by Cleary and her colleagues has found that déjà vu arises when
A)individuals are reliving an exact event they have experienced in a past life.
B)the arrangement of elements within a scene maps on to an arrangement previously seen but not remembered.
C)acetylcholine floods the hippocampus and activates multiple experiences in memory at once,causing a sense of familiarity.
D)people are confronted with situations that trigger repressed memories but are unable to recall the previous experiences.

Accepted Answer

Déjà vu is thought to occur when the layout of a current scene resembles a past scene that is not consciously remembered, creating a sense of familiarity.

Question 3

Which of the following factors fails to explain why people experience hypnotic effects?
A)Unconscious drives and motivations
B)Excessive activation of the frontal lobes
C)Receptivity to suggestion
D)A willingness to overlook logical inconsistencies

Accepted Answer

Excessive activation of the frontal lobes is not a factor that explains why people experience hypnotic effects. The other options, such as unconscious drives and motivations, receptivity to suggestion, and a willingness to overlook logical inconsistencies, are all factors that contribute to hypnotic effects.

Question 4

Enrico claims that déjà vu is evidence of a memory from one's past life.This claim violates which principle of critical thinking?
A)Falsifiability
B)Parsimony
C)Ruling out rival hypotheses
D)Replicability

Accepted Answer

Falsifiability is the principle that states that a claim or hypothesis must be able to be tested and potentially proven false through empirical evidence. Enrico's claim cannot be tested or proven false through empirical methods, thus violating this principle of critical thinking.

Question 5

Audience members at hypnosis demonstrations are often amazed by seemingly extraordinary events.They seem to have failed to realize that the persons who are on stage demonstrating the power of hypnosis were selected for their
A)gullibility.
B)reactivity.
C)suggestibility.
D)flexibility.

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate choice is suggestibility because hypnosis works better on those who are highly suggestible. The volunteers who are selected for hypnosis demonstrations are often screened for their suggestibility to ensure a more successful demonstration.

Question 6

Contrary to popular public opinion regarding hypnosis,people can
A)experience a total lack of situational awareness when in a hypnotic state.
B)resist and oppose hypnotic suggestions at will.
C)forget what happened while hypnotized.
D)experience highly enhanced memory for situational details when hypnotized.

Accepted Answer

While some people may experience a partial lack of situational awareness while in a hypnotic state, it is not a universal phenomenon. Similarly, while suggestion can be a powerful tool for inducing hypnosis, individuals ultimately retain control over their actions and retain the ability to resist or oppose suggestions that are made. While hypnotic amnesia is a documented phenomenon, it does not necessarily affect all individuals who undergo hypnosis. Finally, while hypnosis has been suggested to potentially enhance certain aspects of memory recall, this is still an area of debate and research. Thus, B is the best choice as it accurately reflects the potential for resistance to hypnotic suggestions.

Question 7

Which of the following statements reflects one of the misconceptions about hypnosis?
A)Amazing experiences in hypnotized subjects are likely due to suggestibility and stage whispers.
B)Brain waves of hypnotized subjects are not similar to those who are asleep.
C)Hypnotized people are fully aware of their surroundings.
D)Hypnosis improves memory and can help people recover memories of experiences they have forgotten.

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis does not improve memory; in fact, it can lead to false memories or confabulations. Additionally, there is no evidence to support the notion that hypnosis can reliably help individuals recover memories of past experiences.

Question 8

Fiona enters her friend's house but suddenly has the brief sense that she has never been there before and everything feels unfamiliar.Fiona is likely having
A)an out-of-body experience.
B)a déjà vu experience.
C)an episode of astral projection.
D)a jamais vu experience.

Accepted Answer

Fiona is experiencing jamais vu, which is the opposite of déjà vu. Jamais vu occurs when someone experiences novelty in a familiar situation, leading to a sense of unfamiliarity. This is different from déjà vu, which is the feeling of having experienced something before when it is actually happening for the first time. The other options (out-of-body experience and astral projection) involve spiritual or paranormal experiences, which would be unlikely in this scenario.

Question 9

What does the research evidence suggest about the relationship between hypnosis and sleep states?
A)When people are hypnotized,it is as if they are dreaming within stage 1 and REM sleep.
B)When people are hypnotized,it is as if they are dreaming in REM sleep.
C)When people are hypnotized,they are in a state that is entirely different from sleep.
D)When people are hypnotized,it is as if they are in deep stages 3 and 4 sleep.

Accepted Answer

The research evidence suggests that the state experienced during hypnosis is distinct from both waking consciousness and sleep states. Although there may be some similarities, such as increased suggestibility and relaxation, hypnosis involves a unique state of focused attention and absorption that is not synonymous with any sleep state. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are not supported by the research evidence.

Question 10

Hypnosis has been found to be useful in the treatment of
A)bipolar depression.
B)chronic pain and habit disorders.
C)schizophrenia and psychotic breaks.
D)antisocial personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis has been found to be effective in reducing chronic pain and changing habitual behaviors such as smoking and overeating. It has not been shown to be effective in treating bipolar depression, schizophrenia, psychotic breaks, or antisocial personality disorder.

Question 11

__________ refers to suggestive techniques for altering one's perceptions,thoughts,or beliefs about one's self.
A)Meditation
B)Perceptual sets
C)Hypnosis
D)Déjà vu

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis involves suggestive techniques that can alter one's perceptions, thoughts, and beliefs about oneself. Meditation is a practice of focusing one's attention, but it is not necessarily aimed at altering perceptions or beliefs. Perceptual sets refer to the tendency to perceive things in a certain way based on one's expectations, but this does not involve intentional alteration of one's perceptions. Déjà vu is a feeling of familiarity that one may experience in a new situation, but it does not involve intentional alteration of one's perceptions.

Question 12

During public performances,hypnotists attempt to show that hypnosis is "real" by demonstrating its special powers.However,what most audience members fail to realize is that many of the phenomena can occur without receiving hypnotic suggestion.In these presentations,the hypnotists are most like
A)acrobats and circus performers.
B)persons with ESP abilities.
C)magicians and illusionists.
D)con artists.

Accepted Answer

Hypnotists who attempt to show the special powers of hypnosis during public performances are most akin to magicians and illusionists who use sleight of hand and other tricks to create the illusion of magic. Many of the phenomena that occur during these performances can be explained through suggestion and the power of the mind, rather than the hypnotic state itself.

Question 13

Studies on hypnosis have sought to identify physiological markers of this state.A recent study suggested that __________ was a unique marker of a hypnotic trance,although this conclusion was based on data from only one participant.
A)a person's level of responsiveness to pain stimuli
B)a lack of startle reflex
C)the hypnotic stare
D)electrocortical asymmetry

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies on hypnosis have sought to identify...

Question 14

Hypnosis theorists all agree that people who respond easily to hypnotists and hypnotherapists are
A)faking.
B)gullible.
C)suggestible.
D)in an altered state of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis theorists recognize that suggestibility, or the ability to accept suggestions and ideas from others, is a key factor in responding well to hypnosis. This does not necessarily mean that people are gullible or easily fooled, but rather that they are more open to the power of suggestion and more willing to enter a trance-like state. Faking or being in an altered state of consciousness may not necessarily be relevant to the ability to respond to hypnosis.

Question 15

What drug has been used by neuroscientists to study mystical experiences in laboratory settings?
A)Melatonin
B)Ketamine
C)Psilocybin
D)Ecstasy

Accepted Answer

Psilocybin has been used by neuroscientists to study mystical experiences in laboratory settings. The drug is found in certain species of mushrooms and it produces profound alterations in consciousness and perception. Psilocybin has been shown to increase activity in the default mode network, the brain network that governs self-reflection and introspection, which may explain why it can induce mystical or spiritual experiences. Ketamine is primarily used as an anesthetic and as a treatment for depression, while ecstasy is a synthetic drug that produces a feeling of euphoria and increased sociability. Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep patterns.

Question 16

Which of the following individuals is most likely to report experiencing déjà vu illusions?
A)Mary,a 20-year-old political science major who travels all over the world studying liberalism and globalization
B)Jennifer,a 33-year-old child and youth care worker who strongly believes in her Christian faith
C)Marcus,a 55-year-old bus driver who has never travelled outside of Alberta
D)Larry,a 37-year-old environmentalist who has his master's degree but has trouble remembering his dreams

Accepted Answer

Déjà vu is often associated with traveling and experiencing new places and situations. As Mary travels all over the world studying various subjects, she is more likely to report experiencing déjà vu illusions.

Question 17

Excess of what neurotransmitter in the temporal lobes has been associated with déjà vu experiences?
A)Acetylcholine
B)Serotonin
C)Endorphin
D)Dopamine

Accepted Answer

Excess dopamine in the temporal lobes has been associated with déjà vu experiences, as it can affect memory and perception.

Question 18

Which of the following explanations for déjà vu is unfalsifiable?
A)Small seizures in the right temporal lobe lead to feelings of familiarity.
B)There is an excess of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the temporal lobes.
C)Feelings of familiarity stem from memories of past lives and experiences.
D)Déjà vu may be related to previously experienced situations that we may not have consciously processed.

Accepted Answer

The idea that déjà vu stems from past lives and experiences is unfalsifiable because it cannot be proven or disproven through scientific inquiry.

Question 19

Which of the following general statements best expresses the authors' view of the general public's knowledge and understanding of hypnosis?
A)The general public is not well informed about the scientific developments regarding hypnosis.
B)The general public,as well as the scientific community,believes that hypnosis is a true altered state of conscious.
C)The general public is well informed about the scientific developments regarding hypnosis.
D)The general public recognizes and understands the limitations of hypnosis as a memory recall technique.

Accepted Answer

The article argues that there are still many misconceptions and misunderstandings about hypnosis among the general public, indicating that they are not well informed about the topic.

Question 20

Physiological explanations for near-death experiences include
A)sleep paralysis and hypnogogic imagery.
B)excess surges of dopamine that over-stimulate the thalamus.
C)the presence of lesions in the corpus collosum that interfere with sensory and hemispheric integration.
D)temporal lobe stimulation,a lack of oxygen to the brain,and the influence of psychedelic drugs.

Accepted Answer

Near-death experiences can be caused by a combination of factors that include temporal lobe stimulation, lack of oxygen to the brain, and the influence of psychedelic drugs. These physiological explanations can create hallucinations and altered states of consciousness that are often reported in near-death experiences.

Quiz 5: D: Consciousness

The key to hypnotic induction is related to

Recent research on déjà vu experiences by Cleary and her colleagues has found that déjà vu arises when

Which of the following factors fails to explain why people experience hypnotic effects?

Enrico claims that déjà vu is evidence of a memory from one's past life.This claim violates which principle of critical thinking?

Audience members at hypnosis demonstrations are often amazed by seemingly extraordinary events.They seem to have failed to realize that the persons who are on stage demonstrating the power of hypnosis were selected for their

Contrary to popular public opinion regarding hypnosis,people can

Which of the following statements reflects one of the misconceptions about hypnosis?

Fiona enters her friend's house but suddenly has the brief sense that she has never been there before and everything feels unfamiliar.Fiona is likely having

What does the research evidence suggest about the relationship between hypnosis and sleep states?

Hypnosis has been found to be useful in the treatment of

__________ refers to suggestive techniques for altering one's perceptions,thoughts,or beliefs about one's self.

During public performances,hypnotists attempt to show that hypnosis is "real" by demonstrating its special powers.However,what most audience members fail to realize is that many of the phenomena can occur without receiving hypnotic suggestion.In these presentations,the hypnotists are most like

Studies on hypnosis have sought to identify physiological markers of this state.A recent study suggested that __________ was a unique marker of a hypnotic trance,although this conclusion was based on data from only one participant.

Hypnosis theorists all agree that people who respond easily to hypnotists and hypnotherapists are

What drug has been used by neuroscientists to study mystical experiences in laboratory settings?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to report experiencing déjà vu illusions?

Excess of what neurotransmitter in the temporal lobes has been associated with déjà vu experiences?

Which of the following explanations for déjà vu is unfalsifiable?

Which of the following general statements best expresses the authors' view of the general public's knowledge and understanding of hypnosis?

Physiological explanations for near-death experiences include