Question 1

Jordan and her friends are in the front row for a rock concert.During the concert,the lead singer moves all around the stage,but Jordan continues to perceive him as the same height even though the image received in her eye and brain constantly changes.This illustrates which type of perceptual constancy?

Accepted Answer

Size constancy is the perceptual constancy that allows us to perceive an object as maintaining its size, shape, and orientation despite changes in the size of the retinal image as the object moves closer or farther away from us. In this scenario, Jordan continues to perceive the lead singer as the same height, despite changes in the size of the retinal image as the singer moves around on stage.

Question 2

What psychological school first identified that visual perception occurs in terms of whole objects rather than individual component parts?

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt school of psychology introduced the concept of "gestalt," which means "whole" or "complete" in German. They believed that when we perceive visual stimuli, we perceive them as complete objects rather than individual parts. This concept is known as "holism" and is a prominent feature of Gestalt psychology.

Question 3

Taylor was driving and noticed that when he looks out the window right beside him,things on the side of the road seem to fly by,whereas when he looks at objects ahead of him,they appear to be moving slower.What pictorial depth cue is responsible for this perception?

Accepted Answer

The perception that objects closer to us appear to move faster than those farther away is known as motion parallax. This pictorial depth cue helps our brain calculate the distance of objects based on their relative motion to us as we move.

Question 4

As we listen to music on the radio or on our iPods,we often are aware of the arrangement of tones into melodies rather than just focusing on the individual notes.This auditory perception is compatible with the principles established by

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychologists emphasized the importance of the whole in perception, so focusing on the arrangement of tones into melodies rather than individual notes is compatible with their principles.

Question 5

Tom spent the morning taking pictures in the small coves of a local lake.What monocular cue is providing depth perception when the near objects in his photographs appear much larger than those on the opposite shore of the cove?

Accepted Answer

The monocular cue that is providing depth perception in this scenario is relative size. This is because the near objects appear larger than those on the opposite shore, which creates the illusion of depth. The other options do not apply in this situation - interposition refers to objects blocking each other from view, linear perspective involves parallel lines appearing to converge in the distance, and height in plane refers to objects closer to the ground plane appearing larger than those higher up.

Question 6

We perceive that firefighters are wearing bright yellow jackets,independent of when we see them in the bright daylight or at night.This is due to the principle of

Accepted Answer

Colour constancy is the ability of the brain to recognize and maintain the perceived colour of an object regardless of the different lighting conditions in which it is viewed. In this case, we perceive firefighters' jackets as yellow independent of whether we see them in bright daylight or at night, due to the principle of colour constancy.

Question 7

The fact that Dale perceives a taxi cab to be bright orange during the day and bright orange at night demonstrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

Colour constancy is the ability of the brain to perceive an object's colour as constant despite changes in lighting conditions. In this case, Dale perceives the taxi cab as bright orange both during the day and at night, which indicates that his brain is able to adjust for changes in lighting and maintain colour constancy.

Question 8

The Kanizsa square is used in your text to demonstrate the phenomenon called subjective contours.What Gestalt principle helps to explain why we perceive subjective contours?

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt principle of closure explains why we perceive subjective contours, as our minds tend to fill in missing information to create a complete, whole object.

Question 9

Francis is staring at a picture in her psychology textbook,waiting for a component of the image to "pop out" at her and be perceived differently.Francis is waiting for what perceptual phenomenon to occur?

Accepted Answer

Francis is waiting for the phenomenon of emergence, where a complex image is made up of simpler parts that the brain integrates into a complete image. The phi phenomenon is the illusion of movement created by flashing two or more stationary lights in quick succession. Subjective contours are perceived edges in an image that do not actually exist. Binocular divergence refers to the process by which the brain merges two slightly different images from each eye to create a single 3D image.

Question 10

Sandra is staring at a painting where the blades of grass in the front appear close and are very detailed and the mountains on the horizon appear hazy and farther away.What monocular cue is being used in this painting to create the illusion of depth?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sandra is staring at a painting where...

Question 11

When taking a picture,photographers attempt to draw people's attention toward a particular aspect of the scene.This is one example of the Gestalt principle of

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt principle of figure-ground involves separating the foreground (figure) from the background (ground) in a visual scene. By drawing attention to a particular aspect of the scene, the photographer is highlighting it as the figure, while the rest of the scene becomes the ground. This helps to create a focal point for the viewer and convey the intended message or emotion.

Question 12

Our ability to see action,rather than a series of static pictures,in movies is the result of

Accepted Answer

The phi phenomenon is the perception of continuous motion when viewing a series of still images in rapid succession. This is exactly what happens in movies – individual frames are projected at a high rate, tricking our brain into perceiving motion rather than a series of static pictures. Therefore, the ability to see action in movies is the result of the phi phenomenon.

Question 13

At a junior high dance,Mr.Holland tends to view boys and girls sitting together as "couples" regardless of whether they are actually dating.This illustrates the Gestalt principle of

Accepted Answer

The principle of proximity states that objects that are close together are perceived as a group. In this case, Mr. Holland is perceiving the boys and girls who are sitting closely together as a group or a couple, despite whether they are actually dating.

Question 14

Craig has a serious disorder that disrupts his perception of movement.He has difficulty with everyday tasks,such as pouring himself a glass of juice,because he doesn't notice changes in the level of liquid in the glass (i.e. ,one moment it is empty and the next it is full).Craig likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Motion blindness, also known as akinetopsia or cerebral motion blindness, is a disorder in which individuals have difficulty perceiving motion. This can make everyday tasks, such as pouring a glass of juice or navigating through a crowded room, extremely challenging. In Craig's case, his difficulty with noticing changes in the level of liquid in the glass suggests that he is experiencing motion blindness.

Question 15

Brianna just bought new lights for her Christmas tree that are supposed to look like they are moving.When she puts them up,it looks as if the lights circle continuously around the tree.This perception of movement is due to

Accepted Answer

The perception of movement in the lights circling around the tree is due to the phi phenomenon. The phi phenomenon is when the illusion of movement is created by the rapid successions of stationary images. In this case, the lights are flashing in such a way that creates the illusion of movement.

Question 16

__________ depth cues require both eyes,whereas __________ depth cues rely on one eye alone.

Accepted Answer

Binocular depth cues require both eyes to work together to perceive depth, while monocular depth cues can be perceived with one eye alone.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about face recognition is inaccurate?

Accepted Answer

While there has been some evidence of "grandmother cells" responding to specific faces, it is still a topic of debate in the scientific community and not yet fully proven. Therefore, statement C is inaccurate.

Question 18

Both the Necker cube and Rubin's vase illusion are examples of __________,and we can typically perceive them only one way at a time.

Accepted Answer

Both the Necker cube and Rubin's vase illusion are examples of bistable (or ambiguous) images, meaning that they can be interpreted in more than one way and we can typically perceive them only one way at a time. Figure-ground images refer to an image in which the main object stands out from the background. Subjective contours refer to perceiving contours where none actually exist. The phi phenomenon refers to the illusion of movement created by the rapid succession of slightly different images.

Question 19

The monocular cue of __________ is being used when an artist places trees in front of riders to create a sense of depth when the picture is viewed.

Accepted Answer

Interposition is when an object partially blocks another object in the viewer's line of sight, giving the appearance of depth. In this case, the trees being placed in front of the riders create a sense of depth and distance.

Question 20

The fact that you can easily recognize a picture of Mickey Mouse or Bart Simpson as that character,no matter what angle they are presented in during a cartoon,is an example of

Accepted Answer

Shape constancy is the ability to recognize an object regardless of changes in its orientation or size. In this case, the ability to identify characters like Mickey Mouse or Bart Simpson despite changes in their position shows that we have shape constancy for these objects. The other options, such as color constancy, size constancy, and location constancy do not fully explain this phenomenon.

Quiz 4: D: Sensation and Perception