Question 1

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is TRUE?
...

Question 2

Marika and her husband would like to have a baby. Today, Marika has an appointment with her obstetrician. They will determine if she is a carrier of a specific disorder that could impact the development of a baby. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Genetic testing is used to determine if an individual is a carrier of a specific genetic disorder, which can impact the development of a baby.

Question 3

_____ lead(s) to extremely high rates of fetal and infant mortality.

Accepted Answer

Both Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome lead to extremely high rates of fetal and infant mortality, with most affected individuals not surviving past their first year of life.

Question 4

This disorder causes a severe birth defect that culminates in death by the age of 5 years.

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that leads to severe neurological damage and typically results in death by the age of 5.

Question 5

Gene expression can be suppressed by the process of:

Accepted Answer

Gene expression can be suppressed by the addition of a methyl group to the DNA molecule, which inhibits transcription. This process is called DNA methylation. The other choices, mutation, recession, and myelination, do not directly suppress gene expression.

Question 6

Eddie and Freddy are identical twins who grew up in the same home but then went their separate ways after high school. Eddie moved to the Prairies and became a family farmer. Freddy moved to Toronto and became a high-powered attorney. A university research project measures their DNA methylation levels at age 6 years, age 36 years, and age 60 years. Which statement MOST likely reflects the results?

Accepted Answer

Because Eddie and Freddy are identical twins, they likely had similar DNA methylation levels at age 6 years. However, over time, their different lifestyles and environments may have caused their methylation levels to diverge. By age 36 years and age 60 years, the differences in their methylation levels may be significant. Therefore, option C is the most likely scenario.

Question 7

Ashley is currently 5 months pregnant. When she had an ultrasound performed, her obstetrician found a suspected abnormality with her pregnancy. Today, they are taking a sample of the amniotic fluid to do further testing. What type of test is this?

Accepted Answer

This is an amniocentesis, which involves taking a sample of the amniotic fluid for further testing. CVS (choice B) is another type of prenatal testing that involves taking a sample of placental tissue. Prenatal screening tests (choice A) are less invasive tests that assess the risk of certain chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. IVF (choice D) is a fertility treatment that involves fertilizing eggs with sperm outside of the body before implanting them in the uterus.

Question 8

This type of testing is typically offered to those who have an increased likelihood of carrying the recessive gene for Tay-Sachs disease.

Accepted Answer

Carrier genetic testing is offered to individuals who have an increased likelihood of carrying a genetic mutation that could be passed on to their children. Since Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive genetic disorder, carrier testing would be an appropriate option for those who are at risk of being carriers.

Question 9

Which individual has an increased likelihood of carrying the recessive gene for Tay-Sachs disease?

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sachs disease is more common in people of Eastern European Jewish descent, so Jacob, who is of this ethnicity, would have an increased likelihood of carrying the recessive gene for Tay-Sachs disease. The other ethnicities listed do have a higher carrier frequency for some genetic disorders, but not Tay-Sachs specifically.

Question 10

Genetic testing is used frequently for _____, which is using information about an individual's genetic makeup to determine which course of treatment is most likely to be effective.

Accepted Answer

Pharmacogenomics testing is specifically designed to analyze an individual's genetic makeup and use that information to determine which medications are most likely to be effective, as well as which dosage is appropriate.

Question 11

This provincial genetic screening program is offered in every Canadian province.

Accepted Answer

The statement implies that this program is offered for every newborn in the province, which is characteristic of newborn screening. The other choices are not typically offered to every person in a province, but rather to individuals who are at risk or are seeking information about their genetic health.

Question 12

Which effect(s) is/are an example of the relationship between the child's phenotype and the child's environment? Effect A: effect of the environment created by the child's parents on the child's behaviour. Effect B: effect of the child's interests on the environment the child seeks out. Effect C: effect of the child's behaviour on the parents' responses to the child.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which effect(s) is/are an example of the...

Question 13

_____ can be done at any point in an individual's life span in order to diagnose a disease or find genetic clues that predict the likelihood of developing a disease.

Accepted Answer

Genetic testing can be performed at any point in an individual's life to assess the risk of developing or passing on genetic diseases. Newborn screening and prenatal testing are specific to certain stages of life, and pharmacogenomics testing is focused on predicting individual responses to medications.

Question 14

Juan and Kaya would like to have a baby. They are getting tested to determine if either of them is a carrier of a recessive gene for sickle-cell disease. What is the likelihood that their child would develop the disease if both parents are carriers?

Accepted Answer

When both parents are carriers of a recessive gene for sickle-cell disease, there is a 25% chance that their child will inherit the gene from both parents and develop the disease. This is because each parent has a 50% chance of passing on the recessive gene, and the chances of inheriting it from both parents would be 50% multiplied by 50%, or 25%.

Question 15

Epigenetics is MOST relevant to which relationship?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Epigenetics is MOST relevant to which relationship?
...

Question 16

This is a genetic disorder that results from either missing chromosomes or having extra chromosomes. The severity of this disorder depends on the location of the chromosomal abnormality.

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy is the condition in which an individual has either missing chromosomes or extra chromosomes. This can cause genetic disorders ranging from mild to severe, depending on the location and number of chromosomes affected. Trisomy 18 and Patau syndrome are both specific types of aneuploidy syndromes caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 18 and 13, respectively. Sickle-cell disease is not a chromosomal abnormality, but rather a genetic disorder caused by a single-point mutation in a gene on chromosome 11.

Question 17

This type of testing is genetic testing during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Genetic testing during pregnancy is referred to as prenatal testing. PKY testing is a type of genetic testing used to diagnose a rare genetic disorder called phenylketonuria. Newborn screening is a type of testing done on newborns to detect certain conditions, while pharmacogenomics testing is done to determine how an individual's genes affect their response to medications.

Question 18

Jacquelynne is 6 months pregnant and is having blood drawn for genetic testing of her baby. What type of testing is this?

Accepted Answer

Prenatal screening tests are conducted during pregnancy to check for genetic disorders or abnormalities in the fetus. Blood tests and ultrasound examinations are among the most commonly used screening methods.

Question 19

Which individual has an increased likelihood of carrying the recessive gene for sickle-cell disease?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease is most commonly found in individuals of African descent, so Omari is more likely to carry the recessive gene.

Question 20

Lenny is a very active toddler who began to crawl, pull himself up to a standing position, walk, climb, and run at a very early age. Which statement is NOT an example of a way in which Lenny's phenotype may affect his environment?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D because it describes a pre-existing condition (the father's activity level) that influences the environment Lenny is exposed to, rather than Lenny's phenotype affecting his environment.

Quiz 3: Biology and Behaviour