Question 1

Which statement describes evidence for the importance of environmental factors in the development of a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

A) This statement suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of traits, as identical twins who grow up in different environments show less similarity than those who grow up together, highlighting the impact of environment over genetics.

Question 2

Which behaviour genetics research result provides the BEST evidence of the importance of environmental factors in the development of a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which behaviour genetics research result provides the...

Question 3

Behaviour genetics rests in part on the premise that, to the extent that genetic factors are important, individuals who _____ should be more similar than are individuals who _____.

Accepted Answer

The premise of behaviour genetics is that genes play a role in shaping behaviour, thus individuals who are closely related and share more genetic material should be more similar than those who are unrelated and do not share as much genetic material.

Question 4

A study that examines whether adopted children's scores on a particular measure are more highly correlated with their adoptive parents' scores or their biological parents' scores is referred to as a(n) _____ study.

Accepted Answer

An adoption study specifically examines the influence of biological versus environmental factors on a particular trait or measure by comparing adopted children's scores with those of their adoptive and biological parents. Adoptive twin studies focus on comparing identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different environments, while twin studies use both identical and fraternal twins to explore the contribution of genetics and environment to a trait. Heritability studies investigate the proportion of variability in a trait that can be attributed to genetics.

Question 5

In an adoption study designed to examine genetic and environmental influences, the correlation between _____ on a particular trait is compared to the correlation between _____ on that trait.

Accepted Answer

Adoption studies compare the similarities between adopted children and their adoptive parents (to assess environmental influences) with the similarities between adopted children and their biological parents (to assess genetic influences). This helps in understanding the relative contributions of genetics and environment to specific traits.

Question 6

Which of the following countries is the only G7 country to not have a law prohibiting the use of genetic information in insurance or employment decisions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following countries is the...

Question 7

Traits that are influenced by a number of environmental and genetic factors are considered:

Accepted Answer

Traits that are influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors are considered multifactorial. This means that multiple genes and environmental factors interact to determine the trait. Examples of multifactorial traits include height, intelligence, and susceptibility to certain diseases.

Question 8

If the correlation between identical twins on trait R is higher than is the correlation between fraternal twins on trait R, behaviour geneticists conclude that:

Accepted Answer

If the correlation between identical twins on trait R is higher than the correlation between fraternal twins on trait R, it suggests that there is a genetic component to the development of trait R. This is because identical twins share 100% of their genetic material, while fraternal twins only share 50% on average. Therefore, if identical twins are more similar on trait R, it suggests that genetics may be a contributing factor in the development of the trait.

Question 9

Which design would be ideal for studying behaviour genetics?

Accepted Answer

An adoptive twin study is ideal for studying behavior genetics as it combines the strengths of both adoption and twin studies, allowing researchers to disentangle the effects of genetics and environment on behavior.

Question 10

Behaviour geneticists believe that _____ of the behavioural traits of human beings are influenced at least to some degree by genetic factors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behaviour geneticists believe that _____ of the...

Question 11

A researcher finds that, for a particular trait, first cousins are more similar than are third cousins. This researcher has evidence that the trait is:

Accepted Answer

The fact that first cousins are more similar than third cousins suggests that the trait is heritable, meaning that it is passed down through genes from common ancestors. The question does not provide enough information to determine whether the trait is polygenic (controlled by multiple genes) or multifactorial (influenced by both genes and environmental factors). Therefore, D is not the best choice.

Question 12

Genetic influence in behaviour genetics family studies is demonstrated by _____ correlations for higher degrees of _____ similarity.

Accepted Answer

Higher correlations for higher degrees of genetic similarity indicate that genetic factors play a larger role in the observed behavioral traits. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 13

The twin-study design compares:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The twin-study design compares:
...

Question 14

A twin study is conducted to examine the role of genetics and environment on the fondness of individuals for chocolate. Which result would lead to the conclusion that genetic factors are important in the development of this trait?

Accepted Answer

If identical twins are more similar on the trait than fraternal twins, it suggests that genetics play a significant role in the development of the trait. This is because identical twins share 100% of their genetic material, whereas fraternal twins share only 50% on average. Therefore, if identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins, it suggests that genetic factors are playing a stronger role in the trait than environmental factors.

Question 15

Dr. Spock is interested in examining genetic and environmental influences on enjoyment of reading. She has decided to include fraternal twins in her study. If she finds that the correlation between fraternal twins on enjoyment of reading is higher than is the correlation between _____ on this measure, then she has evidence for the influence of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Spock is interested in examining genetic...

Question 16

The finding that identical twins reared together are more similar in intelligence than are identical twins reared apart is evidence for:

Accepted Answer

The increased similarity in intelligence among identical twins reared together compared to those reared apart suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in shaping intelligence.

Question 17

Behaviour genetics rests in part on the premise that, to the extent that environmental factors are important, individuals who _____ should be more similar than are individuals who _____.

Accepted Answer

Behavior genetics suggests that individuals who have lived together share more environmental influences, making them more similar compared to those who have not lived together.

Question 18

An adoptive twin study is conducted to examine the role of genetics and environment on sociability. Which result would lead to a conclusion that environmental factors are important in the development of this trait?

Accepted Answer

If identical twins reared together are more similar in sociability than identical twins reared apart, it suggests that the shared environment has a significant impact on this trait, highlighting the importance of environmental factors.

Question 19

A researcher finds that, for a particular trait, the correlation between identical twins is greater than is the correlation between nontwin siblings. This result demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

The fact that the correlation between identical twins is greater than the correlation between nontwin siblings suggests that genetic factors are important in the development of this trait. This is because identical twins share 100% of their genes, whereas nontwin siblings share only 50% of their genes on average. If environmental factors were more important, we would expect to see a greater correlation between nontwin siblings who share similar environments than between identical twins who may have different environments.

Question 20

Traits that are influenced by genetic factors are considered:

Accepted Answer

Traits that are influenced by genetic factors are considered heritable, meaning they can be passed down from one generation to the next through genetics.

Quiz 3: Biology and Behaviour