Question 1

The idea that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are unable to maintain their attention and control their behavior at a level appropriate for their age because they are neurologically immature is known as the _____.

Accepted Answer

The immaturity hypothesis suggests that children with ADHD are unable to maintain their attention and control their behavior at a level appropriate for their age because they are neurologically immature. This hypothesis is based on the idea that the brain regions responsible for attention and impulse control develop more slowly in children with ADHD compared to typically developing children.

Question 2

Stimulants used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may work by increasing levels of _____ in the synapses of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, increase levels of dopamine in the synapses of the brain. This helps to improve attention, focus, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD.

Question 3

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who begin taking stimulants:

Accepted Answer

Stimulant medications used to treat ADHD can sometimes lead to an increase in the frequency of tics in children who are predisposed to them.

Question 4

Approximately _____ of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) respond to stimulant drugs.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 70 to 85 percent of children diagnosed with ADHD respond positively to stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamines (Adderall). This means that these drugs can effectively reduce symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in a majority of children with ADHD. However, it is important to note that medication alone may not be enough to fully manage ADHD, and other interventions such as behavioral therapy and accommodations in school or work settings may also be necessary for optimal outcomes.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Boys are more likely than girls to develop ADHD in childhood and early adolescence. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 14% of boys and 6% of girls aged 4-17 in the United States have been diagnosed with ADHD. However, it's worth noting that rates of diagnosis and treatment may vary by country and culture.

Question 6

Nationwide, the number of children prescribed stimulant medications increased by _____ percent in the past two decades.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nationwide, the number of children prescribed stimulant...

Question 7

The DSM-5:

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 increased the age of onset criteria for ADHD from before age 7 to before age 12, allowing for a broader recognition of how ADHD can present across different ages.

Question 8

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely than children without a psychological disturbance to belong to families:

Accepted Answer

Children with ADHD are more likely to belong to families that experience frequent disruptions and have aggressive parents. This can lead to a chaotic home environment that exacerbates symptoms of ADHD. Parents who are consistently inconsistent in their discipline or who use harsh punishment may also struggle to effectively manage their child's behavior. Employment status or socioeconomic status do not necessarily predict the likelihood of a child having ADHD.

Question 9

Atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine are used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and operate by affecting the levels of _____.

Accepted Answer

Atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine are all medications that affect the levels of norepinephrine in the brain. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in attention, focus, and motivation, and is believed to be dysregulated in individuals with ADHD. By altering norepinephrine levels, these medications can help improve symptoms of ADHD.

Question 10

Charlie has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). His medication improves his level of attention and helps him control his impulsive behavior, but he often experiences dryness in his mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and constipation. Which of the following drugs is Charlie most likely taking for his condition?

Accepted Answer

Clonidine is often used to treat ADHD, especially in individuals who may not respond well to stimulant medications. It can improve attention and impulse control but is known to cause side effects such as dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and constipation. Ritalin, Dexedrine, and Adderall are stimulant medications that primarily increase alertness and focus in individuals with ADHD, and while they can have side effects, the specific combination of side effects mentioned (dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and constipation) is more characteristic of Clonidine, which is a non-stimulant medication.

Question 11

A child, whose symptoms include slow retrieval of information from memory, slow processing of information, low levels of alertness, drowsiness, and daydreaming, would most likely receive a diagnosis of the _____ type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms listed are characteristic of the predominantly inattentive type of ADHD, which is characterized by difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, and disorganization rather than hyperactivity and impulsivity. Option A refers to ADHD with primarily hyperactive and impulsive symptoms, and option B refers to ADHD with symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Option D is not a recognized subtype of ADHD.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about the biological factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal functioning of catecholamine neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, has been implicated in ADHD. The other options are incorrect as the prefrontal cortex in children with ADHD shows reduced activation and the disorder is not caused by dietary factors or conditions associated with birth.

Question 13

Which of the following drugs is known to reduce tics and increase cognitive abilities in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Guanfacine is known to reduce tics and improve cognitive abilities in children with ADHD. Ritalin, Dexedrine, and Adderall are all stimulants commonly prescribed for ADHD but do not specifically target tics.

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is known to reduce disruptive behaviors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the first-line medication treatment for ADHD and have been shown to reduce disruptive behaviors and improve attention and executive functioning in children with ADHD. Antidepressants and antipsychotics may be used in some cases, but they are not the first choice and are not specifically indicated for reducing disruptive behaviors in ADHD. Atypical antipsychotics may be used for co-occurring conditions such as mood or anxiety disorders, but again, they are not specifically indicated for reducing disruptive behaviors in ADHD.

Question 15

Children who find it difficult to pay attention, control their impulses, and organize their behaviors are most likely exhibiting symptoms of _____.

Accepted Answer

Children who struggle with paying attention, controlling impulses, and organizing behaviors are most likely displaying symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 16

Which subtype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) includes six or more symptoms of inattention and six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity?

Accepted Answer

The combined type of ADHD includes six or more symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. The predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type involves six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity but less than six symptoms of inattention, and the predominantly inattentive type involves six or more symptoms of inattention but less than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity. The option D is not a recognized subtype of ADHD.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that adults with ADHD are at a higher risk for depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse. Option A is incorrect because while ADHD symptoms may improve in some individuals as they age, they do not disappear completely in 75 percent of cases. Option C is partly true; research suggests that approximately 25 percent of children with ADHD are at risk for conduct disorders and substance abuse. Option D is incorrect because ADHD is more likely to be diagnosed in adult males than females.

Question 18

Which of the following therapies used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), typically engage parents and teachers in changing rewards and punishments in every aspect of the child's life?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapies for ADHD focus on changing behavior through rewards and punishments, and typically involve parents and teachers in the process of implementing consistent routines and consequences throughout the child's life. Cognitive therapies focus on changing thought patterns, psychodynamic therapies focus on exploring unconscious emotions and past experiences, and humanistic therapies focus on self-exploration and personal growth, none of which involve the specific use of rewards and punishments.

Question 19

Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Ritalin is the most commonly used medication to treat ADHD. Effexor is an antidepressant and is not typically used to treat ADHD. Clozapine and phenothiazines are antipsychotic medications and are not used to treat ADHD.

Question 20

Which type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed if six or more symptoms of inattention but fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are present?

Accepted Answer

Predominantly inattentive type of ADHD is diagnosed when a person exhibits at least six symptoms of inattention but fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Quiz 10: Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders

The idea that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are unable to maintain their attention and control their behavior at a level appropriate for their age because they are neurologically immature is known as the _____.

Stimulants used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may work by increasing levels of _____ in the synapses of the brain.

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who begin taking stimulants:

Approximately _____ of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) respond to stimulant drugs.

Which of the following statements is true about the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ?

Nationwide, the number of children prescribed stimulant medications increased by _____ percent in the past two decades.

The DSM-5:

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely than children without a psychological disturbance to belong to families:

Atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine are used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and operate by affecting the levels of _____.

A child, whose symptoms include slow retrieval of information from memory, slow processing of information, low levels of alertness, drowsiness, and daydreaming, would most likely receive a diagnosis of the _____ type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Which of the following statements is true about the biological factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ?

Which of the following drugs is known to reduce tics and increase cognitive abilities in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ?

Which of the following drugs is known to reduce disruptive behaviors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ?

Children who find it difficult to pay attention, control their impulses, and organize their behaviors are most likely exhibiting symptoms of _____.

Which subtype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) includes six or more symptoms of inattention and six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity?

Which of the following statements is true of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ?

Which of the following therapies used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , typically engage parents and teachers in changing rewards and punishments in every aspect of the child's life?

Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ?

Which type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed if six or more symptoms of inattention but fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are present?