Question 1

The diagnosis of _____ disorder is given in the DSM-5 when a person demonstrates impaired control, the continued use of substances despite negative social, occupational, and health consequences, risky use, as well as evidence of tolerance and withdrawal.

Accepted Answer

The criteria described in the question are indicative of a substance use disorder, as outlined in the DSM-5. Substance withdrawal, alcohol intoxication, and substance independence are not specific diagnoses in the DSM-5.

Question 2

Which term refers to alcohol-induced amnesia for the events that occurred while one was intoxicated?

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to alcohol-induced amnesia for the events that occurred while one was intoxicated is called a blackout.

Question 3

_____ is a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result when people who have been using substances heavily for prolonged periods of time stop or greatly reduce their use.

Accepted Answer

Substance withdrawal is a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that occur when a person who has been using substances heavily for a prolonged period of time suddenly stops or greatly reduces their use. This can occur with many different types of substances including alcohol, opioids, and stimulants. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include physical symptoms like shaking, sweating, and nausea, as well as psychological symptoms like anxiety, depression, and cravings for the substance.

Question 4

Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is _____ or above.

Accepted Answer

Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is 0.08 or above.

Question 5

Which of the following substances has a relatively low risk for tolerance?

Accepted Answer

Cannabis has been found to have a relatively low risk for tolerance compared to other substances like opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. While tolerance can develop with long-term, heavy use of cannabis, it tends to develop more slowly and to a lesser extent than with other drugs.

Question 6

The DSM-5 authors have combined substance abuse and dependence into one diagnosis called:

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 authors have combined substance abuse and dependence into one diagnosis called "substance use disorder." This change was made to better recognize the continuum of substance use, from mild to severe, and to provide more accurate diagnoses and treatment options.

Question 7

Clea has been using cocaine daily for a while now. However, for the past 24 hours, she has been without any cocaine and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses. Clea is most likely showing signs of:

Accepted Answer

Clea is exhibiting withdrawal symptoms because she is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses after 24 hours without cocaine. Substance intoxication is not the correct answer because Clea is not currently under the influence of cocaine. Tolerance and drive-control disorder are not applicable in this scenario.

Question 8

Alcohol is considered a _____ because it _____.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is a depressant because it slows down the central nervous system, leading to decreased coordination, slurred speech, and impaired judgment.

Question 9

Which of the following characterizes the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?

Accepted Answer

The first stage of alcohol withdrawal is characterized by tremulousness (shaking), weakness, and profuse perspiration. This stage typically occurs within 6-24 hours after the last drink and can last for up to 48 hours. Collapse of the peripheral vascular system, convulsive seizures, and auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations are all characteristic of later stages of alcohol withdrawal.

Question 10

Mac took a capsule at a party earlier in the evening and is now showing changes in the functions of his central nervous system that are manifesting in both behavior and physiology. He is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Mac's symptoms suggest that he is experiencing substance intoxication, which occurs when the use of a substance (in this case a capsule) interferes with normal brain function, resulting in changes in behavior and physiology. It is important to note that substance intoxication can be dangerous and even life-threatening, depending on the substance and the amount consumed.

Question 11

_____ is a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Substance intoxication is defined as the set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system. This can include symptoms such as impaired judgment, slurred speech, and altered perception of reality.

Question 12

Celeste went to a fraternity party on Saturday night and had too much to drink. Although the last thing she remembers is dancing with Paul, she does not recollect how she got home. Celeste is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Celeste is experiencing a blackout, which is a type of alcohol-induced amnesia. During a blackout, a person may have lapses in memory or complete memory loss for events that occurred while they were under the influence of alcohol.

Question 13

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder includes ongoing substance use despite recurring social or relationship difficulties. Why have the DSM-5 authors removed the DSM-IV criterion regarding legal problems?

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 authors removed the DSM-IV criterion regarding legal problems primarily because of its low prevalence among individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders. This decision was based on research and clinical observations indicating that legal problems, while possible, are not as common or central to the diagnosis as other criteria.

Question 14

Which of the following is cited as a reason why people in countries such as France show lower rates of alcohol-related substance disorders than do people in other countries?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol being consumed with meals in France is cited as a reason for lower rates of alcohol-related substance disorders in the country. Consuming alcohol with food slows the absorption of alcohol, potentially reducing the negative effects of drinking.

Question 15

_____ is present when a person experiences less effect from the same dose of a substance and needs more and more of it to achieve intoxication.

Accepted Answer

Tolerance refers to the need for a person to take increasing amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect. This phenomenon can develop with regular use of drugs or alcohol, and can contribute to the development of addiction.

Question 16

A substance is defined as any:

Accepted Answer

A substance is defined as any natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects, meaning it can affect the mind, mood, or behavior of the user. This includes both drugs with therapeutic uses (such as prescription medication) and drugs with recreational uses (such as illicit substances). The other options listed are not comprehensive enough to define all substances, as not all drugs have psychedelic effects, not all drugs are prescription or over-the-counter, and not all drugs create addiction.

Question 17

Franco has fallen ill and lost his job, and his wife has left him due to his problem with heroin. His friends and family are telling him that he is an addict most likely because he is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

Franco's friends and family are suggesting that he is exhibiting substance dependence, as he has lost his job and his wife due to heroin use. Substance dependence is characterized by a strong desire to use a substance, difficulty controlling its use, withdrawal symptoms when use is discontinued, and continued use despite negative consequences. The other options (A, B, and C) may also be present in cases of substance dependence, but they alone do not define it.

Question 18

Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, meaning it slows down the activity of the brain and spinal cord, leading to feelings of relaxation and sedation. Cocaine, nicotine, and cannabis, on the other hand, are stimulants that increase activity in the brain and nervous system.

Question 19

Which of the following is one of the four categories of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

The category of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse includes the individual's failure to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use. The other choices (B, C, D) do not fall under this category. Choice B refers to the individual's use of the substance in safe situations, Choice C refers to the individual stopping substance use due to legal problems, and Choice D describes the individual's tolerance to the substance.

Question 20

Hank began snorting cocaine about three years ago. He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he'd ever had. However, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria, and now he needs more and more of cocaine to get anywhere near his first experience. Hank has most likely:

Accepted Answer

Hank has developed a tolerance to cocaine, as he needs more and more of the drug to achieve the same effect that he felt when he first started using it. This is a common sign of tolerance, where the body becomes less responsive to the drug over time.

Quiz 14: Substance Use and Gambling Disorders