Question 1

Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to a stimulant use disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine's rapid and strong effects on the brain's reward centers, specifically the release of dopamine, make it more likely to lead to a stimulant use disorder. The high from cocaine is intense, but short-lived, causing individuals to seek more of the drug to achieve the same level of euphoria, which can lead to addiction. Additionally, cocaine use can lead to numerous short-term health problems, which may also increase the risk of developing a substance use disorder. However, the availability of the drug and symptoms of withdrawal alone are not necessarily unique factors that make cocaine more likely to lead to addiction than other stimulants.

Question 2

_____ involves the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving, and is often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia.

Accepted Answer

Substance-induced dementia is characterized by a decline in intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving. It can be caused by long-term substance abuse, particularly of alcohol or other drugs that have toxic effects on the brain. Personality changes, such as paranoia, may also accompany substance-induced dementia. Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome are specific forms of dementia caused by thiamine deficiency, and reward deficiency syndrome is a controversial theory related to addiction.

Question 3

Binge drinking is defined as consuming:

Accepted Answer

Binge drinking is defined as consuming five or more drinks within a couple of hours for men, or four or more drinks for women. A is incorrect because moderate drinking does not qualify as binge drinking. C is incorrect because early morning drinking is not necessarily indicative of binge drinking. D is incorrect because the correct definition for women is four or more drinks, not three.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine?

Accepted Answer

Freebase cocaine is usually smoked in a water pipe or mixed in a tobacco or marijuana cigarette. It is not less addictive than benzodiazepines, and it is not the same as crack cocaine, which is boiled down into rocks and smoked. While freebase cocaine can be snorted or injected, it is most commonly smoked.

Question 5

Low-grade hypertension, combined with increases in the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, puts alcohol abusers mostly at increased risk for:

Accepted Answer

Low-grade hypertension (high blood pressure) combined with high levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, also known as "bad" cholesterol) are significant risk factors for developing heart disease. Alcohol abuse can contribute to these risk factors, and therefore, alcohol abusers are at an increased risk for developing heart disease. Diabetes and hypothermia are not directly linked to these risk factors, and while alcohol abuse can increase the risk of brain hemorrhage, the combination of these specific risk factors is not a significant contributor to that risk.

Question 6

Which of the following are legally manufactured and sold by prescription, usually as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are legally manufactured and sold by prescription as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Amphetamines, opioids, and phencyclidines are also prescription drugs but are not typically used as sedatives for anxiety and insomnia.

Question 7

Which of the following is a reason why the strong age differences in alcohol use disorders decline with age?

Accepted Answer

People who have used alcohol excessively may die before they reach old age, which may result in the decline of age differences in alcohol use disorders.

Question 8

Cocaine prevents the reuptake of _____ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use.

Accepted Answer

Cocaine prevents the reuptake of dopamine into the transmitting neuron.

Question 9

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of delirium tremens?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a typical...

Question 10

Which of the following observations is true of cocaine?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine's effects wear off quickly, typically within 30 minutes to an hour. This is one reason why users may repeatedly take the drug in a short amount of time (known as "binging") to maintain its effects.

Question 11

Strong age differences in alcohol use disorders _____.

Accepted Answer

Strong age differences in alcohol use disorders decline as people age. This is because older adults tend to drink less frequently and in smaller amounts than younger adults, and they are more likely to have developed coping skills and a support network that helps to prevent problematic drinking behaviors. Additionally, older adults may be more likely to experience negative consequences from drinking, such as health problems or social isolation, which can lead to reduced alcohol use.

Question 12

Which of the following contains antioxidants that can increase "good" cholesterol, along with other chemicals that can help prevent damage to blood vessels and reduce "bad" cholesterol, producing positive cardiac effects?

Accepted Answer

Red wine contains antioxidants such as resveratrol which can increase "good" cholesterol (HDL) and other chemicals that can help prevent damage to blood vessels, reduce "bad" cholesterol (LDL), and produce positive cardiac effects. Beer, whiskey, and cognac do not have the same level of antioxidants or cardiac benefits.

Question 13

Alicia's doctor has prescribed Alicia helpful medication to help with her anxiety and insomnia. Which of the following class of medications did he most likely prescribe?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are a class of medications commonly prescribed for anxiety and insomnia. Amphetamines are stimulants, opioids are painkillers, and phencyclidine is a hallucinogen, and none of these medications are typically prescribed for anxiety or sleep issues.

Question 14

The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes _____, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appear(s) during the second or third day.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes...

Question 15

The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is typically characterized by:

Accepted Answer

The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is known as delirium tremens (DTs) and is the most severe stage. Symptoms include confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, seizures, and high blood pressure. It is a medical emergency and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Question 16

Which of these is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol misuse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these is one of the...

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines are a type of stimulant drug that increase activity in the central nervous system and boost energy, alertness, and concentration. Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol are all depressants, meaning they slow down brain activity and can have sedative effects.

Question 18

Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination, and other signs of central nervous system depression. He has most likely taken:

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are a type of sedative medication that can produce feelings of euphoria and disinhibition, but also cause central nervous system depression, leading to lethargy and loss of coordination. Amphetamines and cocaine are stimulant drugs that typically do not cause sedation or lethargy, and coffee is a mild stimulant that would not produce such profound effects.

Question 19

Deaths related to alcohol are as much as five times more common among _____ than in the general U.S. population.

Accepted Answer

Native Americans have much higher rates of alcohol-related deaths compared to the general population. In fact, they have the highest rates of alcohol-related deaths among any racial or ethnic group in the US, with rates as much as five times higher than the general population. This is largely due to a complex interplay of historical trauma, poverty, social and economic marginalization, and limited access to healthcare and treatment services.

Question 20

Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out. He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. He begins taking the substance regularly and develops symptoms such as grandiosity, hypersexuality, and impulsive behavior. He has most likely taken:

Accepted Answer

The substance Jim has taken is most likely cocaine, as it provides an instant rush of euphoria, heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. However, regular use can lead to symptoms such as grandiosity, hypersexuality, and impulsive behavior. Opiates and benzodiazepines do not typically produce these specific symptoms, and alcohol can produce some similar effects but is not as rapid-acting as the substance described.

Quiz 14: Substance Use and Gambling Disorders