Question 1

The _____ produces a computerized motion picture that shows which areas of the brain are active when an individual is being stimulated.

Accepted Answer

PET scan produces a computerized motion picture that shows which areas of the brain are active when an individual is being stimulated. CAT or CT scan and MRI are imaging techniques that provide detailed images of the brain structure, while EEG measures brain activity using electrodes placed on the scalp.

Question 2

Which describes a culture-bound abnormality in which a man suddenly becomes intensely fearful that his penis will withdraw into his abdomen and that he will die as a result?

Accepted Answer

Koro is a culture-bound syndrome, commonly found in Southeast Asia, in which a man experiences an intense and irrational fear that his penis will retract into his abdomen, causing death. This belief is culturally specific and not recognized as a medical condition in Western medicine.

Question 3

An assessment tool shows high _____ reliability if different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret it.

Accepted Answer

Interrater reliability refers to consistency in scoring or interpretation of a tool by different judges or raters. Therefore, high interrater reliability indicates that different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret the tool.

Question 4

A clinician who is observing parent-child interactions in the home is conducting a(n) _____ observation.

Accepted Answer

A naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in its natural setting, which in this case would be observing parent-child interactions in the home. Self-monitoring involves tracking one's own behavior, unstructured observations lack a specific plan or focus, and structured observations involve following a specific plan or protocol.

Question 5

When dealing with a new client, the clinical practitioner's major focus is to gather what type of information?

Accepted Answer

When dealing with a new client, the clinical practitioner's major focus is to gather idiographic information, which refers to unique and individualized information about the client's history, background, presenting problem, goals, and preferences. This information is necessary to develop a personalized treatment plan that meets the client's specific needs and circumstances. Diagnostic information (choice A) may be important in determining the client's diagnosis, but it is not the major focus in the initial assessment. Nomothetic information (choice B) refers to general information about a particular population, which may be useful but is not as relevant in the initial assessment of an individual client. Dispassionate (choice D) is not a type of information that is typically gathered but rather refers to the clinical practitioner's demeanor during the assessment.

Question 6

The _____ movement has tried to identify a set of common strategies that are present in the work of all effective therapists, regardless of the clinician's particular orientation.

Accepted Answer

The rapprochement movement focuses on finding common ground and strategies among different therapeutic approaches, aiming to identify what makes therapy effective across various orientations.

Question 7

_____, an illness once common to Algonquin Indian hunters, was marked by the belief in a supernatural monster that ate human beings and had the power to bewitch them and turn them into cannibals.

Accepted Answer

The illness described in the question is known as Windigo, and it was once common among Algonquin Indian hunters. The Windigo is believed to be a supernatural monster that could possess humans and turn them into cannibals.

Question 8

DSM-5 lists approximately _____ mental disorders.

Accepted Answer

DSM-5 lists approximately 400 mental disorders.

Question 9

In DSM-5, the term "gender identity disorder" was replaced with:

Accepted Answer

DSM-5 replaced the term "gender identity disorder" with "gender dysphoria" to emphasize the distress experienced by individuals who do not identify with their assigned gender. The new term reflects the idea that the problem is not the individual's gender identity itself but the distress it causes. The other answer choices are not accurate terms used in DSM-5.

Question 10

In 1883, Emil Kraepelin developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior, and his categories formed the foundation for psychological disorders found in which modern classification system?

Accepted Answer

Emil Kraepelin's categories formed the foundation for the psychological disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is the modern classification system for abnormal behavior. Choices B, C, and D are not the correct classification systems for psychological disorders. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used for medical diagnoses, the Canadian and American Encyclopedia of Mental Illness (CAEMI) does not exist, and the Transcontinental Classification Guide for Psychotic Behavior (TCGPB) is not an established classification system for psychological disorders.

Question 11

The polygraph is a form of _____ test.

Accepted Answer

The polygraph measures psychophysiological responses (such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate) to detect deception, making it a psychophysiological test.

Question 12

An assessment that asks people to respond to pictures by telling a dramatic story is the:

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is an assessment in which individuals are presented with ambiguous pictures and asked to tell a story about what is happening in the picture. The stories they tell are analyzed for themes and underlying psychological issues. The other answer choices (A, C, and D) do not accurately describe this assessment.

Question 13

The specific details and background of a client's problem is called _____ data, while established information about the nature and treatment of a particular illness is _____ data.

Accepted Answer

Idiographic data refers to the specific details and background of a client's problem, focusing on individual cases. Nomothetic data refers to established information about the nature and treatment of a particular illness, focusing on general principles and patterns.

Question 14

Which statement is true about the term "nervous breakdown"?

Accepted Answer

"Nervous breakdown" is not a recognized clinical term and is often used by laypersons to describe a variety of mental health issues. It is not a specific diagnosis and does not have a standardized treatment approach. Additionally, it is not limited to a certain gender or age range.

Question 15

A mental status exam is a component of a:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mental status exam is a component...

Question 16

The three important criteria for assessments are:

Accepted Answer

Standardization ensures that all participants are given the same instructions and conditions during the assessment, reliability ensures that the results are consistent and stable over time, and validity ensures that the assessment measures what it is intended to measure. These three criteria are essential for ensuring the quality and usefulness of assessments. Realism and accuracy are important but are generally subsumed under the broader categories of validity and reliability.

Question 17

A diagnostic tool that helps clinicians predict future symptoms or events has _____ validity.

Accepted Answer

Predictive validity refers to the ability of a diagnostic tool to predict future outcomes or events. This is the most appropriate choice to describe a tool that helps clinicians predict future symptoms or events. Interrater validity refers to the consistency between different raters or judges, while test/retest validity refers to the consistency of a tool's results over time. Retrospective validity refers to the accuracy of a tool in retrospectively assessing past events or symptoms.

Question 18

A person's intelligence quotient, or IQ, initially represented the ratio of a person's _____ age divided by his or her _____ age, multiplied by 100.

Accepted Answer

IQ was originally calculated by dividing a person's mental age by their chronological age and then multiplying by 100.

Question 19

A _____ assessment would be used to assess unconscious drives and conflicts that may be at the root of abnormal functioning.

Accepted Answer

A projective assessment involves presenting ambiguous stimuli to elicit responses that may reveal unconscious thoughts and emotions, making it a good choice for assessing unconscious drives and conflicts. Functional assessments focus on a person's abilities and impairments, standardized assessments have predetermined scoring criteria, and brain imaging assesses brain activity and structure rather than unconscious thoughts and conflicts.

Question 20

The _____ is a brain-imaging technique that uses magnetic property of certain hydrogen atoms to create a detailed picture of the brain's structure and activity.

Accepted Answer

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) uses a strong magnet and radio waves to create images of the brain's structure and activity. It is a non-invasive and painless diagnostic tool that provides detailed information about the brain's anatomy and function. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and CAT (Computed Axial Tomography) scans also provide images of the brain, but they do not use the magnetic property of hydrogen atoms. X-rays are not used for imaging the brain.

Quiz 4: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment