Question 1

Based on findings from research studies, compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds), which of the following statements about young adolescents' self-esteem, self-consciousness, and self-image is false?

Accepted Answer

Research studies suggest that early adolescents have lower self-esteem compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds). They are also more self-conscious and have a more unstable self-image. There is no evidence to suggest that early adolescence is characterized by a sharp increase in self-esteem.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a reason that early adolescents might experience fluctuations in self-image?

Accepted Answer

Early adolescents do not spend most of their time engaging in false-self behavior. False-self behavior refers to when someone presents themselves in a way that is not authentic or true to their actual self. While early adolescents may experience fluctuations in self-image due to factors such as egocentrism and the increased importance of peers, this does not necessarily lead to false-self behavior.

Question 3

According to the textbook, young adolescents with __________ also report high levels of anxiety, tension, and adjustment problems.

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that young adolescents with a volatile self-image often experience high levels of anxiety, tension, and adjustment problems. This is because they struggle with their sense of identity and have a hard time finding a stable sense of self, which can lead to feelings of insecurity and uncertainty.

Question 4

During childhood, Cathy had relatively high self-esteem. As she enters adolescence, Cathy's self-esteem is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of During childhood, Cathy had relatively high self-esteem....

Question 5

Alice has high academic self-esteem, whereas Loriann has high physical appearance self-esteem. According to the textbook, who will probably have higher overall self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alice has high academic self-esteem, whereas Loriann...

Question 6

According to personality research presented in the textbook, there is evidence that, between adolescence and young adulthood, individuals become:

Accepted Answer

According to personality research presented in the textbook, individuals tend to become more emotionally stable and more extraverted between adolescence and young adulthood. This is likely due to increased self-awareness, socialization, and maturation. While personality traits can continue to develop and change throughout the lifespan, these two traits have been shown to consistently increase during this stage of life.

Question 7

According to the textbook, which of the following might make individuals especially vulnerable to the effects of stress?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the textbook, which of the...

Question 8

Which of the following factors is the most important predictor of overall self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Physical appearance self-esteem has consistently been found to be the most important predictor of overall self-esteem across various studies and populations. This is because physical appearance is often closely tied to individuals' sense of identity and social acceptance, which are important components of self-esteem. While the other factors listed may contribute to self-esteem, they are generally less significant predictors than physical appearance self-esteem.

Question 9

Mei was an impulsive preschooler. It is likely that, as an adolescent, she will be:

Accepted Answer

Early childhood behavior can be a predictor of future behavior. Mei's impulsivity as a preschooler suggests that she may continue to be impulsive as an adolescent.

Question 10

Findings from research studies have found that the most marked fluctuations in self-image occur:

Accepted Answer

The transition into adolescence is a critical period marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. These changes often lead to marked fluctuations in self-image as adolescents begin to explore and question their identity more deeply.

Question 11

How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to how positively or negatively people feel about themselves. Self-regulation refers to the ability to control one's behavior and emotions in order to achieve one's goals. Self-attribution refers to the process of explaining one's own behavior or the behavior of others. Self-idealization refers to the tendency to view oneself in an idealized way.

Question 12

Rose is transitioning from elementary into junior high school and Sally will be starting her senior year of high school in the fall. According to research presented in the textbook, who is more likely to experience disruptions in self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the transition from elementary to junior high school is a challenging time for many children and can result in decreased self-esteem. High school seniors, on the other hand, tend to have a more stable sense of self-esteem as they have already been through several years of schooling and have developed a stronger sense of identity. Therefore, Rose is more likely to experience disruptions in self-esteem than Sally.

Question 13

Sean is an adolescent who frequently engages in false-self behavior and also has low self-esteem. One explanation for these two characteristics is that:

Accepted Answer

Both A and B are correct because engaging in false-self behavior can be both a cause and a consequence of low self-esteem. When individuals present a false self, it can lead to feelings of inauthenticity and lower self-esteem. Conversely, individuals with low self-esteem may adopt a false self in an attempt to gain acceptance or approval from others.

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model?

Accepted Answer

Gender Intensification is not one of the personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model. The five personality dimensions are Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion. Gender intensification theory is a separate concept that relates to the increased pressure to conform to traditional gender roles during adolescence.

Question 15

Temperament and personality tend to become _________ as we __________.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that temperament and personality tend to become more stable as we get older, as individuals have more consistent experiences and develop a stronger sense of identity. Taking more classes would not necessarily have a direct impact on stability or instability of temperament and personality.

Question 16

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Personality remains relatively stable after adolescence.

Question 17

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is?

Accepted Answer

The dimension of Conscientiousness measures how organized a person is. Those who score high in conscientiousness are generally responsible, reliable, and goal-oriented, and tend to keep their lives and surroundings organized and structured.

Question 18

Dewayne's parents are worried that as he enters adolescence, his self-esteem will greatly decrease. During what time should Dewayne's parents expect the most fluctuations in his self-image?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence (ages 12-14), there tends to be a significant increase in self-awareness and self-consciousness, which can lead to fluctuations in self-esteem. This is a time when individuals are trying to figure out who they are and where they fit in, which can be challenging and lead to self-doubt.

Question 19

What does the Five-Factor Model describe?

Accepted Answer

The Five-Factor Model is a theory in personality psychology that describes five broad dimensions of personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Question 20

According to the chapter in the textbook, most researchers today believe that adolescents evaluate themselves:

Accepted Answer

Most researchers today recognize that adolescents evaluate themselves both globally and along several distinct dimensions, acknowledging the complexity of self-assessment during this developmental stage.

Quiz 8: Identity

Based on findings from research studies, compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds) , which of the following statements about young adolescents' self-esteem, self-consciousness, and self-image is false?