Which of the following is a type of contractual vertical marketing systems where a group of independent retailers unite and agree to pool buying and managerial resources to improve competitive position?
A)Retail cooperative organizations
B)Wholesaler-sponsored voluntary chains
C)Retail franchising programs
D)Wholesaler corporate channel programs

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Retail cooperative organizations involve a group of independent retailers pooling their resources to improve their competitive position. The cooperative may involve joint buying, marketing, and even shared ownership of distribution centers. Examples of retail cooperatives include Ace Hardware and Associated Grocers. Wholesaler-sponsored voluntary chains (B), retail franchising programs (C), and wholesaler corporate channel programs (D) are all other types of contractual vertical marketing systems, but they do not involve independent retailers pooling their resources like retail cooperatives do.

Which of the Following Is a Type of Contractual Vertical