Question 1

The process that occurs in this system is ________.

Accepted Answer

The process that occurs in this system is osmosis, which is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to differences in solute concentration.

Question 2

A red blood cell will undergo hemolysis in ________.

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will undergo hemolysis (bursting) in a hypotonic solution, such as pure water, because water enters the cells by osmosis.

Question 3

A substance that produces only a small number of ions in solution is known as a ________ electrolyte.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A substance that produces only a small...

Question 4

Which of the following also occurs in this system?

Accepted Answer

In osmosis, water moves from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. Therefore, water will flow from the 4% starch solution to the 10% starch solution.

Question 5

Using a kidney machine to remove waste products from the blood is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Hemodialysis is the process of removing waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood using a machine called a dialysis machine or kidney machine. The machine filters the blood and removes the waste, while also balancing the levels of salt, potassium, and bicarbonate in the blood.

Question 6

Which starch solution will decrease in volume as osmosis occurs?

Accepted Answer

The lower the concentration of the solution, the higher the osmotic pressure. Therefore, the 4% starch solution will exert a higher osmotic pressure than the 10% starch solution, resulting in a decrease in volume as water moves from the higher concentration of water outside the membrane to the lower concentration of water inside the membrane. Choice B is incorrect because the 10% starch solution has a higher concentration and will increase in volume as osmosis occurs. Choice C is incorrect because both solutions will exert osmotic pressure; it's just that the 4% starch solution will exert more pressure. Choice D is incorrect because the two solutions will exert different osmotic pressures. Choice E is also incorrect because the two solutions will not exert opposite osmotic pressures.

Question 7

Polar solutes are soluble in ________ solvents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Polar solutes are soluble in ________ solvents....

Question 8

A substance that completely ionizes in water is a ________ electrolyte.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A substance that completely ionizes in water...

Question 9

A substance that carries an electric current when dissolved in water is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A substance that carries an electric current...

Question 10

A solution that has an osmotic pressure less than that of red blood cells is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A solution that has an osmotic pressure less than that of red blood cells is called hypotonic. This means that the concentration of solutes in the solution is lower than that inside the cell, causing water to move into the cell and potentially leading to swelling or even cell rupture.

Question 11

The process by which a semipermeable membrane allows water molecules,small molecules,and ions to pass through while retaining large particles is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The process described is the definition of dialysis, where a semipermeable membrane allows only certain molecules to pass through while retaining larger particles. Osmotic pressure refers to the movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across a semipermeable membrane. Solvation is the process of a substance being surrounded and dissolved by a solvent. Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. Hydration refers specifically to the addition of water molecules to a substance.

Question 12

The molarity of a solution of 5.0 g of KCl in 100.mL of solution is ________.

Accepted Answer

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of KCl:
mass of KCl = 5.0 g
molar mass of KCl = 74.55 g/mol (39.10 g/mol for K + 35.45 g/mol for Cl)
moles of KCl = mass/molar mass = 5.0 g/74.55 g/mol = 0.067 moles

Next, we need to calculate the volume of the solution in liters:
100 mL = 0.1 L

Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the solution:
molarity = moles of solute/volume of solution in liters
molarity = 0.067 moles/0.1 L = 0.67 M

Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 13

A ________ will pass through a filter but not a semipermeable membrane.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ will pass through a filter...

Question 14

How many equivalents are in 0.036 mole of Ca2+?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many equivalents are in 0.036 mole...

Question 15

Which solution is isotonic to a red blood cell?

Accepted Answer

A solution is considered isotonic to red blood cells if it has the same concentration of solutes as the cytoplasm of the red blood cell, and therefore does not cause the cell to shrink or swell. The most commonly used isotonic solution in medical settings is 0.9% NaCl (normal saline), which has a similar concentration of solutes to red blood cells. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Question 16

Acetic acid can be classified as a ________.

Accepted Answer

Acetic acid is a weak electrolyte because it partially dissociates in water to form ions. It is not a gas, solid, strong electrolyte, or ionic compound.

Question 17

A 10% starch solution is separated from a 2% starch solution by a semipermeable membrane.Starch is a colloid.Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure is directly related to the concentration of the solute in the solution. The 10% starch solution has a higher concentration of starch (solute) than the 2% solution, thus it has a higher osmotic pressure.

Question 18

A red blood cell will undergo crenation in ________.

Accepted Answer

A red blood cell undergoes crenation or shrinkage when placed in a hypertonic solution, which means the solution has a higher solute concentration compared to the cell's cytoplasm. Among the given choices, 7% NaCl is the only hypertonic solution, so the red blood cell will undergo crenation in 7% NaCl.

Question 19

An aqueous mixture containing starch (a colloid),NaCl,glucose,and albumin (a colloid)is placed in a dialysis bag and immersed in distilled water.Which of the following correctly describes the location of the indicated substance after dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Albumin, being a colloid, is too large to pass through the semi-permeable membrane of the dialysis bag, so it remains inside.

Question 20

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as the blood is ________.

Accepted Answer

Isotonic solutions have the same osmotic pressure as the blood and therefore do not cause a net movement of water across cell membranes, making them ideal for medical use. Hypotonic solutions have a lower osmotic pressure than the blood and can cause cells to swell and potentially burst, while hypertonic solutions have a higher osmotic pressure than the blood and can cause cells to shrink and potentially die. Nontonic solutions have no osmotic pressure and would not be able to be used as a replacement for blood plasma. While a molar solution could have the same osmotic pressure as blood if it contained similar concentrations of solutes, it is not a term typically used to describe the tonicity of solutions.

Quiz 9: Solutions