Question 1

Some evidence for object-based attention involves the phenomenon of:
A) attenuation.
B) partial report.
C) inhibition of return.
D) neglect of visual field.

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of return is a phenomenon where recently attended or looked-at locations are temporarily less likely to be attended to again, suggesting attention is object-based, as it "inhibits" returning to objects or locations that have already been processed.

Question 2

The phenomenon of illusory conjunction refers to:
A) reports of strong sensory illusions in complex figures.
B) the tendency to report combinations of features that had not appeared together in the original display.
C) a combination of sensory illusions based on distorted features in the original display.
D) the impression that stimuli in the nonattended field have features in common with the attended stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Illusory conjunctions occur when the brain combines features from different objects incorrectly. This results in the individuals incorrectly reporting a combination of features that had not appeared together in the original display. This is a well-known phenomenon in cognitive psychology, and it highlights how the brain processes and combines information from different sources.

Question 3

Unilateral visual neglect is due to damage to this lobe of the brain.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) temporal

Accepted Answer

Unilateral visual neglect is a condition where a person is unable to process and respond to visual stimuli in one-half of their visual field. It is typically caused by damage to the parietal lobe of the brain, which is responsible for spatial awareness and attention. Damage to other lobes, such as frontal, occipital, or temporal, may result in different neurological symptoms but not unilateral visual neglect.

Question 4

In a visual array,subjects must identify the location of the target letter O.This should be MOST difficult when the distracters are:
A) C's and G's.
B) C's and I's.
C) G's and X's.
D) I's and X's.

Accepted Answer

The distracters that make it most difficult to identify the letter O are those that share similar features with it, such as curves. C's and G's have curves similar to O, making them more effective distracters than the straight lines of I's and X's or the combination of curves and lines in G's and X's.

Question 5

When Triesman and Schmidt presented combination stimuli outside the focus of attention,they observed a phenomenon called:
A) pattern segmentation.
B) geon decomposition.
C) iconic overwriting.
D) illusory conjunction.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon observed by Triesman and Schmidt when presenting combination stimuli outside the focus of attention is called illusory conjunction. This occurs when features of different objects are combined incorrectly by the brain, leading to perception of a new object that does not exist in reality.

Question 6

While giving a patient a vision test,Dr.Smith notices the patient is not able to see any stimuli that are presented in the right half of the visual field.This disorder is MOST likely due to damage to which area of the brain?
A) temporal
B) frontal
C) parietal
D) occipital

Accepted Answer

The answer of While giving a patient a vision test,Dr.Smith...

Question 7

Using a hands-free headset while driving is:
A) similar to using a cell phone.
B) similar to having a conversation with a passenger.
C) safer than using a cell phone.
D) safer than having a conversation with a passenger.

Accepted Answer

Using a hands-free headset while driving is similar to using a cell phone because both involve cognitive distraction, even though the hands-free option allows the driver to keep both hands on the wheel.

Question 8

In her feature-integration theory,Treisman proposed that people:
A) must segment objects into elements before they shift attention.
B) must focus attention on a stimulus before they can synthesize the pattern.
C) use many contextual cues and top-down processing to extract salient features.
D) use mostly physical cues of the stimulus to guide feature extraction for later integration.

Accepted Answer

Treisman's feature-integration theory suggests that attention is necessary for the integration of various features into a coherent perception. This means that individuals must focus their attention on a stimulus to synthesize its pattern, integrating its various features (like color, shape, etc.) into a single perceptual output.

Question 9

Patients with parietal lobe injury generally have difficulty disengaging attention from visual information:
A) presented to the undamaged side.
B) presented to the damaged side.
C) only if several other lower brain areas are also damaged.
D) only if other crucial higher brain centers are also damaged.

Accepted Answer

Patients with parietal lobe injury have difficulty disengaging attention from visual information presented to the damaged side.

Question 10

In a study,subjects listened to two different sentences played at the same time in opposite ears.In the right ear,the subjects heard,"Jack went shopping for some fruit in the grocery store" in a woman's voice;in the left ear,the subjects heard,"Sally jumped up from her seat to get the phone call" in a man's voice.The subjects were asked to repeat what they heard in the left ear.When asked about the message in the right ear,all the subjects could remember was that the message was in a woman's voice.Therefore,researchers conclude that,although both messages were perceived,subjects were not able to attend to both messages.This is evidence:
A) of a deficit in attention.
B) supporting a central bottleneck.
C) supporting automaticity
D) of the binding problem.

Accepted Answer

The study supports a central bottleneck, which means that our perceptual and cognitive resources limit our ability to process multiple streams of information simultaneously. The subjects were unable to attend to both messages because of this bottleneck, which restricted their ability to focus on both messages at the same time. This suggests that our attentional resources are limited and that we cannot process all of the incoming sensory information at once. Choice A (deficit in attention) is related to choice B, but it does not capture the specific mechanism of the central bottleneck. Choice C (automaticity) is not supported because the study shows that conscious attention is required to attend to and remember the message. Choice D (binding problem) is not supported because the study did not address the issue of how different features of sensory stimuli are integrated into a unified percept.

Question 11

Studies of visual neglect provide evidence for:
A) agnosia.
B) bottleneck theories of attention.
C) object-based attention.
D) feature integration.

Accepted Answer

Studies of visual neglect have provided evidence supporting the concept of object-based attention, which suggests that attention is directed towards objects rather than isolated locations or features.

Question 12

Damage to the _____ lobe is likely to cause deficits in visual attention.
A) sensory-motor
B) frontal
C) temporal
D) parietal

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information, including visual attention. Damage to this area can result in deficits in visual attention, such as difficulty attending to multiple objects or tracking moving objects.

Question 13

In the clinical condition called unilateral visual neglect,patients:
A) ignore information in the visual field on the same side as the brain damage.
B) appear to lose significant visual detail only if there is damage to the right spatial side of the brain.
C) ignore information in either visual field only if there is damage to the right spatial brain.
D) ignore information in the visual field on the opposite side as the brain damage.

Accepted Answer

Unilateral visual neglect is a condition where patients ignore or are not aware of visual information on the side opposite to where their brain has been damaged. This typically occurs when there is damage to one hemisphere of the brain, leading to neglect of the contralateral (opposite) side of space.

Question 14

Patients with right-hemisphere parietal damage were asked to copy a picture.They:
A) could not copy the picture.
B) could copy specific components of the picture,but not the spatial configuration.
C) could copy the spatial configuration of the picture,but not the specific components.
D) copied the picture successfully,unlike patients with left-hemisphere parietal damage.

Accepted Answer

Patients with right-hemisphere parietal damage typically have difficulty with spatial processing tasks. As a result, they may be able to copy specific components of the picture, such as individual shapes or objects, but struggle to reproduce the spatial arrangement of those components.

Question 15

What is the term used by cognitive psychologists studying perception to describe the difficulty in explaining the fact that individuals are able to remember the proper combination of features of stimuli that they have seen previously?
A) conjunction mystery
B) perceptual combination riddle
C) binding problem
D) feature/configural conundrum

Accepted Answer

The term used by cognitive psychologists studying perception to describe the difficulty in explaining the fact that individuals are able to remember the proper combination of features of stimuli that they have seen previously is known as the binding problem. This term refers to the question of how the brain is able to integrate different sensory information into a unified perception of an object or scene.

Question 16

Patients with left-hemisphere parietal damage were asked to copy a picture.They:
A) could not copy the picture.
B) could copy specific components of the picture,but not the spatial configuration.
C) could copy the spatial configuration of the picture,but not the specific components.
D) copied the picture successfully,unlike patients with right-hemisphere parietal damage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients with left-hemisphere parietal damage were asked...

Question 17

If we have looked at a particular region of space,we find it harder to return our attention to that region of space.This phenomenon is called:
A) inhibition of return.
B) cue utilization.
C) object-based attention.
D) stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA).

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is inhibition of return, which refers to the decreased ability to respond to a previously attended location, making it harder to return attention to that same location.

Question 18

Based on Treisman and Gelade's study of features and attention,we know it would be easiest for subjects to detect a T among a display of:
A) Y's and I's.
B) Z's and I's.
C) F's and E's.
D) H's and E's.

Accepted Answer

Treisman and Gelade's feature integration theory suggests that certain features can be processed in parallel and preattentively, making it easier to detect an object if it has a unique feature among distractors. A "T" among "Y's" and "I's" would be easier to detect because the combination of horizontal and vertical lines in a "T" is distinct from the features of "Y's" and "I's," allowing for easier and faster detection without the need for focused attention.

Question 19

Research presenting simultaneous visual and auditory stimuli to subjects suggests that subjects:
A) can process multiple perceptual modalities at once.
B) cannot process multiple perceptual modalities at once.
C) can process automatically.
D) can process multiple perceptual modalities but rarely do so.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that humans are capable of processing multiple perceptual modalities simultaneously, as long as they are not too complex or demanding. This phenomenon is often referred to as "multimodal integration" or "audiovisual integration," and it has been observed in a variety of tasks and contexts. For example, studies have shown that people can attend to and remember information presented in both visual and auditory formats, such as a speaker's face and voice. This ability likely reflects the brain's capacity to combine and integrate sensory information from different sources in order to form a coherent and meaningful representation of the world.

Question 20

In the study of attention,automaticity refers to the:
A) forced or automatic attention that is given to certain powerful stimuli.
B) performance of a skill that has been practiced repeatedly with little or no direct attention.
C) automatic feature extraction that occurs because of specialized neural receptors.
D) routine segmentation of complex stimuli that occurs to extract salient features.

Accepted Answer

Automaticity refers to the ability to perform a task with little or no direct attention. This occurs when a skill or task has been practiced repeatedly and becomes ingrained in the individual's cognitive processes.

Quiz 3: Attention and Performance

Some evidence for object-based attention involves the phenomenon of:

The phenomenon of illusory conjunction refers to:

Unilateral visual neglect is due to damage to this lobe of the brain.

In a visual array,subjects must identify the location of the target letter O.This should be MOST difficult when the distracters are:

When Triesman and Schmidt presented combination stimuli outside the focus of attention,they observed a phenomenon called:

While giving a patient a vision test,Dr.Smith notices the patient is not able to see any stimuli that are presented in the right half of the visual field.This disorder is MOST likely due to damage to which area of the brain?

Using a hands-free headset while driving is:

In her feature-integration theory,Treisman proposed that people:

Patients with parietal lobe injury generally have difficulty disengaging attention from visual information:

Studies of visual neglect provide evidence for:

Damage to the _____ lobe is likely to cause deficits in visual attention.

In the clinical condition called unilateral visual neglect,patients:

Patients with right-hemisphere parietal damage were asked to copy a picture.They:

What is the term used by cognitive psychologists studying perception to describe the difficulty in explaining the fact that individuals are able to remember the proper combination of features of stimuli that they have seen previously?

Patients with left-hemisphere parietal damage were asked to copy a picture.They:

If we have looked at a particular region of space,we find it harder to return our attention to that region of space.This phenomenon is called:

Based on Treisman and Gelade's study of features and attention,we know it would be easiest for subjects to detect a T among a display of:

Research presenting simultaneous visual and auditory stimuli to subjects suggests that subjects:

In the study of attention,automaticity refers to the: