Question 1

Using a camera with a fixed focal length lens,how will decreasing the f-number affect the depth of field and the intensity of the light reaching the ccd (or film)?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the f-number (widening the aperture) will result in a shallower depth of field as less of the scene is in focus, but will increase the intensity of light reaching the CCD or film as more light is able to enter the camera through the wider aperture.

Question 2

Which of the following primarily determines the resolution of a telescope?

Accepted Answer

The diameter of the objective is the primary determining factor of a telescope's resolution, as it determines the amount of light that can be gathered and the level of detail that can be seen. The focal length of the objective and the diameter of the eyepiece are also important factors, but secondary to the diameter of the objective. The barrel length does not necessarily impact resolution.

Question 3

The eye parts iris,retina,cornea,and ciliary muscle,play roles related to ________,________,________,and ________ in a camera.

Accepted Answer

The iris functions similarly to an aperture, controlling the amount of light that enters the eye, while the cornea and lens work together to focus the incoming light onto the retina (comparable to the CCD in a camera). The ciliary muscle adjusts the shape of the lens to change focus, which is also important in photography.

Question 4

When using 536-nm light,how far is the adjustable mirror of a Michelson interferometer moved when 200 fringe shifts are counted?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When using 536-nm light,how far is the...

Question 5

A microscope has an objective lens with an aperture of diameter 0.50 cm where a monochromatic light source of wavelength 580 nm is used to illuminate the object.It is determined that the minimum angle of resolution is 1.15 x 10^-4 rad.If the illuminating source were replaced by an violet source of wavelength 420 nm,what would the minimum angle of resolution now become? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

Accepted Answer

The minimum angle of resolution is given by the Rayleigh criterion: 
θ = 1.22 λ / D 
where λ is the wavelength of light, D is the diameter of the aperture, and θ is the minimum angle of resolution. 
For the given microscope with a monochromatic light source of wavelength 580 nm, we have: 
θ = 1.22 (580 nm) / (0.50 cm) = 1.41 x 10^-4 rad 
For a violet source of wavelength 420 nm, we have: 
θ' = 1.22 (420 nm) / (0.50 cm) = 1.12 x 10^-4 rad 
Therefore, the minimum angle of resolution with the violet source is smaller than with the monochromatic source, which makes sense since shorter wavelengths of light allow for higher resolution. The closest answer choice to 1.12 x 10^-4 rad is C, 0.83 x 10^-4 rad.

Question 6

A magnifying lens of power d (in diopters)gives what magnification when the viewing eye is relaxed assuming a near point of 25 cm?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A magnifying lens of power d (in...

Question 7

How many lines in a grating must be illuminated to obtain a resolving power of 300 in a third-order spectrum?

Accepted Answer

Resolving power, R= Nm where N is the number of lines illuminated and m is the diffraction order. Given m=3 and R=300. Therefore, N= R/m = 300/3 = 100. So, 100 lines in a grating must be illuminated to obtain a resolving power of 300 in a third-order spectrum. Hence, the correct answer is option B).

Question 8

If different filters are used with an astronomical telescope,which of the following would give the best resolution?

Accepted Answer

Green light has a shorter wavelength than red or yellow, which allows for better resolution of fine details in astronomical images.

Question 9

Find the radius of a star image formed on the retina of the eye if the aperture diameter (the pupil)at night is 0.70 cm and the length of the eye is 3.1 cm.Assume the wavelength of starlight in the eye is 500 nm.(1 nm = 10^-9m)

Accepted Answer

The radius of the star image can be calculated using the formula for the radius of the Airy disk: r = 1.22 * (wavelength * focal length) / aperture diameter. Substituting the given values (wavelength = 500 nm = 500 x 10^-9 m, focal length = 3.1 cm = 0.031 m, aperture diameter = 0.70 cm = 0.007 m), we find r ≈ 2.7 x 10^-6 m.

Question 10

A person can see well in the distance,but cannot do so at an arm's-length distance.To correct this,lenses that are ________ having a ________ power could be used.

Accepted Answer

A person who can see well in the distance but not at an arm's-length distance has a condition called presbyopia, which is due to the loss of elasticity of the lens in the eye. To correct this, bifocal lenses with a positive power at the center (to aid near vision) and a weaker or no power at the edges (to aid distance vision) can be used. These lenses are thicker at their center than at their edges, making A the best choice.

Question 11

An individual's eye pupil changes from a diameter of 3.4 mm to 1.4 mm as the illumination is increased.By what factor does the minimum angle of resolution change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual's eye pupil changes from a...

Question 12

A fringe shift occurs for every ________ wavelength movement of the adjustable mirror in a Michelson interferometer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A fringe shift occurs for every ________...

Question 13

The 2.4-m diameter Hubble space telescope has been placed into Earth orbit by the space shuttle.Assuming a wavelength of 653 nm,what angular resolution could this telescope achieve by Rayleigh's criterion? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The 2.4-m diameter Hubble space telescope has...

Question 14

The pupil of a cat's eye narrows to a slit of width 0.7 mm in daylight.Assuming a wavelength of 500 nm,what is the angular resolution? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

Accepted Answer

Angular resolution is given by the ratio of wavelength to the slit width. So, angular resolution = (500 x 10^-9 m) / (0.7 x 10^-3 m) = 0.7 x 10^-3 rad.

Question 15

The Michelson interferometer is a device that may be used to measure:

Accepted Answer

The Michelson interferometer is specifically designed for measuring the wavelength of light. It does this by splitting a beam of light into two paths, recombining them, and observing the resulting interference pattern. By making adjustments to one of the paths, the wavelength of light can be calculated based on how the interference pattern changes.

Question 16

A binary star system in the constellation Orion has an angular separation between the stars of 5*10^-5radians.Assuming a wavelength of 500 nm,what is the smallest aperture (diameter)telescope that will just resolve the two stars? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

Accepted Answer

The smallest angular separation that can be resolved by a telescope is given by the Rayleigh criterion:
θ = 1.22 λ/D
where θ is the angular resolution, λ is the wavelength, and D is the diameter of the aperture.

In this case, we have:
θ = 5*10^-5 radians
λ = 500 nm = 5*10^-7 meters
We want to find D:
D = 1.22 λ/θ
D = 1.22 * 5*10^-7 / (5*10^-5)
D = 1.22*10^-2 meters = 1.22 cm

Therefore, the smallest aperture telescope that will just resolve the two stars is 1.2 cm, which corresponds to choice C.

Question 17

What resolving power must a diffraction grating have in order to distinguish wavelengths of 635.40 nm and 636.60 nm? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

Accepted Answer

The resolving power of a diffraction grating is given by the equation: 
R = Nm, where R is the resolving power, N is the number of lines in the grating, and m is the order of the diffraction maximum. 
For the given wavelengths, we have: 
R = Nm = (636.60-635.40)/635.40 = 0.00189 
Therefore, Nm = 1/0.00189 = 529.10 
Rounding up to the nearest integer gives the answer of 530. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 18

What must be the resolving power of a grating allowing a spectral line at 785.40 nm to be distinguished from another line differing by 0.37 nm? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

Accepted Answer

The resolving power (R) of a grating is defined as R=nN, where n is the order of diffraction and N is the total number of lines on the grating. The spectral resolution (Δλ) is related to the resolving power by the formula Δλ=λ/R, where λ is the wavelength of the light. 
In this problem, we are given λ=785.40 nm and Δλ=0.37 nm. We need to find the resolving power, which can be rearranged as R=λ/Δλ=nN. Plugging in the given values, we get nN=785.40/0.37=2122.97. Since n and N are both integers, we can round down n to 1 and solve for N as N=2122.97. Therefore, the resolving power is R=1*N=2123. 
However, the question asks for the minimum resolving power necessary to distinguish the two spectral lines. Therefore, we need to round up the resolving power to the nearest integer, giving R=2100.

Question 19

A microscope has an objective lens with an aperture diameter 0.70 cm.A monochromatic light source of wavelength 580 nm is used to illuminate the object.It is determined that the minimum angle of resolution is 1.13 x 10^-4rad.If the present lens were replaced by one with an aperture of diameter 0.90 cm,what would the minimum angle of resolution now become? (1 nm = 10^-9 m)

Accepted Answer

The minimum angle of resolution is inversely proportional to the aperture diameter. Increasing the aperture from 0.70 cm to 0.90 cm reduces the angle of resolution. Using the formula θ = 1.22 * (λ/D), the new angle is 1.5 x 10^-4 rad.

Question 20

The Michelson interferometer can make precise length measurements using which of the following phenomena?

Accepted Answer

The Michelson interferometer relies on interference phenomena to make precise length measurements. By splitting a beam of light and allowing the two resulting beams to travel different paths before being recombined, interference patterns can be observed and used to measure the difference in the lengths of the two paths.

Quiz 25: Optical Instruments

Using a camera with a fixed focal length lens,how will decreasing the f-number affect the depth of field and the intensity of the light reaching the ccd (or film) ?

Which of the following primarily determines the resolution of a telescope?

The eye parts iris,retina,cornea,and ciliary muscle,play roles related to ,,,and in a camera.

When using 536-nm light,how far is the adjustable mirror of a Michelson interferometer moved when 200 fringe shifts are counted?

A magnifying lens of power d (in diopters) gives what magnification when the viewing eye is relaxed assuming a near point of 25 cm?

How many lines in a grating must be illuminated to obtain a resolving power of 300 in a third-order spectrum?

If different filters are used with an astronomical telescope,which of the following would give the best resolution?

Find the radius of a star image formed on the retina of the eye if the aperture diameter (the pupil) at night is 0.70 cm and the length of the eye is 3.1 cm.Assume the wavelength of starlight in the eye is 500 nm.(1 nm = 10^-9m)

A person can see well in the distance,but cannot do so at an arm's-length distance.To correct this,lenses that are having a power could be used.

An individual's eye pupil changes from a diameter of 3.4 mm to 1.4 mm as the illumination is increased.By what factor does the minimum angle of resolution change?

A fringe shift occurs for every ________ wavelength movement of the adjustable mirror in a Michelson interferometer.

The 2.4-m diameter Hubble space telescope has been placed into Earth orbit by the space shuttle.Assuming a wavelength of 653 nm,what angular resolution could this telescope achieve by Rayleigh's criterion? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

The pupil of a cat's eye narrows to a slit of width 0.7 mm in daylight.Assuming a wavelength of 500 nm,what is the angular resolution? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

The Michelson interferometer is a device that may be used to measure:

A binary star system in the constellation Orion has an angular separation between the stars of 5*10^-5radians.Assuming a wavelength of 500 nm,what is the smallest aperture (diameter) telescope that will just resolve the two stars? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

What resolving power must a diffraction grating have in order to distinguish wavelengths of 635.40 nm and 636.60 nm? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

What must be the resolving power of a grating allowing a spectral line at 785.40 nm to be distinguished from another line differing by 0.37 nm? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

The Michelson interferometer can make precise length measurements using which of the following phenomena?

Quiz 25: Optical Instruments

Using a camera with a fixed focal length lens,how will decreasing the f-number affect the depth of field and the intensity of the light reaching the ccd (or film) ?

Which of the following primarily determines the resolution of a telescope?

The eye parts iris,retina,cornea,and ciliary muscle,play roles related to ________,________,________,and ________ in a camera.

When using 536-nm light,how far is the adjustable mirror of a Michelson interferometer moved when 200 fringe shifts are counted?

A magnifying lens of power d (in diopters) gives what magnification when the viewing eye is relaxed assuming a near point of 25 cm?

How many lines in a grating must be illuminated to obtain a resolving power of 300 in a third-order spectrum?

If different filters are used with an astronomical telescope,which of the following would give the best resolution?

Find the radius of a star image formed on the retina of the eye if the aperture diameter (the pupil) at night is 0.70 cm and the length of the eye is 3.1 cm.Assume the wavelength of starlight in the eye is 500 nm.(1 nm = 10-9 m)

A person can see well in the distance,but cannot do so at an arm's-length distance.To correct this,lenses that are ________ having a ________ power could be used.

An individual's eye pupil changes from a diameter of 3.4 mm to 1.4 mm as the illumination is increased.By what factor does the minimum angle of resolution change?

A fringe shift occurs for every ________ wavelength movement of the adjustable mirror in a Michelson interferometer.

The 2.4-m diameter Hubble space telescope has been placed into Earth orbit by the space shuttle.Assuming a wavelength of 653 nm,what angular resolution could this telescope achieve by Rayleigh's criterion? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

The pupil of a cat's eye narrows to a slit of width 0.7 mm in daylight.Assuming a wavelength of 500 nm,what is the angular resolution? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

The Michelson interferometer is a device that may be used to measure:

A binary star system in the constellation Orion has an angular separation between the stars of 5*10-5 radians.Assuming a wavelength of 500 nm,what is the smallest aperture (diameter) telescope that will just resolve the two stars? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

What resolving power must a diffraction grating have in order to distinguish wavelengths of 635.40 nm and 636.60 nm? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

What must be the resolving power of a grating allowing a spectral line at 785.40 nm to be distinguished from another line differing by 0.37 nm? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

The Michelson interferometer can make precise length measurements using which of the following phenomena?

The eye parts iris,retina,cornea,and ciliary muscle,play roles related to ,,,and in a camera.

Find the radius of a star image formed on the retina of the eye if the aperture diameter (the pupil) at night is 0.70 cm and the length of the eye is 3.1 cm.Assume the wavelength of starlight in the eye is 500 nm.(1 nm = 10^-9m)

A person can see well in the distance,but cannot do so at an arm's-length distance.To correct this,lenses that are having a power could be used.

The 2.4-m diameter Hubble space telescope has been placed into Earth orbit by the space shuttle.Assuming a wavelength of 653 nm,what angular resolution could this telescope achieve by Rayleigh's criterion? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

The pupil of a cat's eye narrows to a slit of width 0.7 mm in daylight.Assuming a wavelength of 500 nm,what is the angular resolution? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

A binary star system in the constellation Orion has an angular separation between the stars of 5*10^-5radians.Assuming a wavelength of 500 nm,what is the smallest aperture (diameter) telescope that will just resolve the two stars? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

What resolving power must a diffraction grating have in order to distinguish wavelengths of 635.40 nm and 636.60 nm? (1 nm = 10^-9m)

What must be the resolving power of a grating allowing a spectral line at 785.40 nm to be distinguished from another line differing by 0.37 nm? (1 nm = 10^-9m)