Which of the following terms refers to permanently dismissing a relatively large proportion of employees in an attempt to improve productivity and competitiveness?

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Downsizing refers to permanently dismissing a relatively large proportion of employees in an attempt to improve productivity and competitiveness. Bumping refers to the practice of allowing senior employees to replace junior employees facing layoff, outsourcing refers to contracting work out to an external company or individual, contracting refers to hiring an external company or individuals to perform a specific task, and offshoring refers to relocating jobs from one country to another to take advantage of lower labor costs.

Which of the Following Terms Refers to Permanently Dismissing a Relatively