Consider two perfectly insulated vessels.Vessel #1 initially contains an ice cube at 0°C and water at 0°C.Vessel #2 initially contains an ice cube at 0°C and a saltwater solution at 0°C.In each vessel,consider the "system" to be the ice,and the "surroundings" to be the liquid. -Determine the sign of $\Delta$S_sys,$\Delta$S_surr,and $\Delta$S_univ for the system (ice/saltwater)in Vessel #2.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

For the system in Vessel #2, the ice in the saltwater solution will start to melt because the freezing point of the saltwater is lower than 0°C. This means energy is absorbed by the ice (system), making $\Delta F_{sys}$ positive. The surroundings (saltwater solution) lose energy to the ice, making $\Delta F_{surr}$ negative. However, the total energy change of the universe ($\Delta F_{univ}$) is zero in an isolated system, following the first law of thermodynamics.

Consider Two Perfectly Insulated Vessels Δ\DeltaΔ Ssys Δ\DeltaΔ Ssurr,and Δ\DeltaΔ Suniv for the System (Ice/saltwater)in Vessel #2

Consider Two Perfectly Insulated Vessels $\Delta$ S_sys $\Delta$ S_surr,and $\Delta$ S_univ for the System (Ice/saltwater)in Vessel #2