Oral inoculation with rotavirus, an intestinal pathogen, induces adaptive immune responses that are initiated in gut-associated lymphoid tissue, such as mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. The rotavirus-specific effector T cells that are generated in this response are never found in the circulation, but home directly from the lymphoid tissue to the epithelium without ever leaving the intestinal environment.

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Rotavirus-specific effector T cells generated in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue can circulate through the body. While their primary target may be the intestinal epithelium, these cells can enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, allowing them to reach various parts of the body before homing back to the gut or other mucosal sites.

Oral Inoculation with Rotavirus, an Intestinal Pathogen, Induces Adaptive Immune