Question 1

To reduce the risk of cancer, it has been suggested that a diet high in ________ is beneficial.

Accepted Answer

Antioxidants help protect cells from damage and reduce the risk of cancer. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, but it is not the only one. Bacon and red meat are not recommended as high consumption has been linked to an increased risk of cancer.

Question 2

When browsing the Internet you will often come across "miracle weight-loss" products that guarantee that you will lose weight if you use them. Which of the following would be the best controlled experiment to test this assertion?

Accepted Answer

This experiment involves a control group (who did not use the product) and an experimental group (who did use the product) and measures the change in weight after one month. This allows for a comparison between the two groups that could potentially demonstrate the effectiveness of the product. Option A only involves a single person, so it is not necessarily indicative of general effectiveness. Option B involves a group, but does not have a control group for comparison. Option D compares two different treatments, but does not include a control group for comparison.

Question 3

Which of the following is a hormone produced by adipose cells that helps to control appetite?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that helps to control appetite. It signals the brain to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and plays a role in controlling blood sugar levels. Bile is produced by the liver and aids in the digestion of fats. Gastrin is produced by the stomach and stimulates the release of stomach acid to aid in digestion.

Question 4

Suppose that you have a cheeseburger for dinner, which contains approximately 400 calories. If brisk walking burns 100 calories in 30 minutes, how long do you need to walk to burn off all of the calories from this cheeseburger?

Accepted Answer

To burn 400 calories, you need to walk for 120 minutes because brisk walking burns 100 calories in 30 minutes, so 400 calories would require 4 times that duration.

Question 5

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which arrow shows the release of digestive...

Question 6

Why would a person not get vitamin A from a salad filled with leafy green vegetables unless the salad also has some fat source such as nuts, cheese, or meat?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means that it requires dietary fat to be properly absorbed and utilized by the body. Without a source of fat in the salad, the body may not be able to effectively absorb the vitamin A present in the leafy greens.

Question 7

Xerostomia is the scientific name for "dry mouth." Dry mouth can be a medical concern because chronic dry mouth can lead to dental problems as well as problems tasting, chewing, and swallowing. Dry mouth is likely due to an inadequate production of

Accepted Answer

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is caused by an inadequate production of saliva. Chyme is the mixture of food and digestive juices that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, and bile is a fluid produced by the liver that helps digest fats in the small intestine, neither of which are directly related to saliva production or dry mouth.

Question 8

-A person who is 5' 7" and weighs 170 pounds would be considered

Accepted Answer

According to the BMI chart, a person who is 5'7" and weighs 170 pounds has a BMI of 26.6. This falls in the "Overweight" category.

Question 9

-According to the accompanying figure, which amino acid is found in corn but not in beans?

Accepted Answer

Methionine is an essential amino acid that is found in corn but not in beans, making it a limiting amino acid in bean-based diets.

Question 10

-As an adult, if you had to choose only one of these two foods (corn or beans) to provide you with essential amino acids, which would you choose?

Accepted Answer

Beans provide all of the essential amino acids, while corn does not. Therefore, beans would be the best choice for providing essential amino acids.

Question 11

Pica is a disorder that is characterized by a desire to consume dirt or clay, both of which contain iron. Pica can be associated with an iron deficiency that may cause

Accepted Answer

Pica can be a sign of iron deficiency anemia, which is characterized by a lack of red blood cells due to insufficient iron levels. Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms.

Question 12

To learn more about the variation in digestive systems, you surf the Web and search for images of digestive systems from different animals. You find an image of a digestive system that contains a colon that is shorter than the small intestine and a relatively tiny cecum. What type of animal could this digestive system possibly be from?

Accepted Answer

Tigers, which are carnivores, have a shorter colon and a relatively small cecum compared to herbivores because their diet of meat is easier to digest and requires less fermentation of plant material.

Question 13

Scientists have studied the effects of television watching on the metabolic rate of children and its potential implications for childhood obesity. In a study of 15 obese children and 16 non-obese children, it was found that the metabolic rate of all children significantly decreased while watching television compared to their metabolic rate when they were at normal rest. The drop was greater for obese children, but the difference in drops between the two groups of children was not statistically significant. What is a reasonable conclusion to draw from this study?

Accepted Answer

The study shows that television watching can decrease metabolic rate, which could potentially contribute to childhood obesity. While the difference in metabolic rate drops between obese and non-obese children was not statistically significant, the study suggests that television watching is an activity that should be considered as a potential factor in childhood obesity. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 14

What is the digestive system microbiome?

Accepted Answer

The digestive system microbiome refers to all of the bacteria living in a person's digestive system, not just the "good" or "bad" bacteria. It includes a diverse community of microorganisms that play a crucial role in digestion, immune function, and overall health.

Question 15

Metabolic activities that involve "burning" carbohydrates release energy. When our bodies "burn" carbohydrates, what are we doing?

Accepted Answer

When our bodies "burn" carbohydrates, we are transferring energy from the bonds in food molecules to molecules that make that energy more readily available (like ATP) and releasing simple low-energy molecules (like CO2 and H2O) to the environment. This process is known as cellular respiration and is essential to provide energy to cells for their activities.

Question 16

Enzymes are required to help digest the four large macromolecules found in the foods we eat. Which of the following is not a true representation of the enzymes that digest these macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

This is not a true representation of the enzymes that digest macromolecules. Nucleases are enzymes that hydrolyze nucleic acids, not polysaccharides. Lipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes fats, not maltose, which is a disaccharide. Therefore, option B is incorrect, while the other options are correct representations of the enzymes involved in digesting macromolecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

High levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. HDL is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it back to the liver to be broken down and eliminated from the body. High levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein), on the other hand, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Trans fats and dietary cholesterol are also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 18

Which of these teeth is an incisor?

Accepted Answer

Incisors are the frontmost teeth in the mouth and are used to bite into and cut food. Tooth A is a front tooth with a flat edge, which is characteristic of an incisor.

Question 19

Which of the following is widely regarded as a healthy approach to losing weight?

Accepted Answer

Regularly engaging in exercise in addition to monitoring food intake is widely regarded as a healthy approach to losing weight. Exercise helps to burn calories and improve overall health, while monitoring food intake helps to ensure that a person is consuming a balanced diet with appropriate portions. Surgery and extreme dietary restrictions, such as substituting fatty acids for carbohydrates or drastically cutting back on daily carbohydrate intake, should only be considered under the guidance of a healthcare professional in certain cases.

Question 20

Which of the following diseases is associated with obesity?

Accepted Answer

Obesity is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.

Quiz 21: Nutrition and Digestion