In a field study by Shultz and his colleagues (2007),several households in a neighborhood received weekly feedback about their level of energy consumption relative to their neighbors.In one condition of the study,participants also received feedback based on injunctive norms.How did the researchers manipulate the injunctive norm?

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The researchers manipulated the injunctive norm by adding a smiley face if the household's energy consumption was below the neighborhood average, and a sad face if it was above, indicating social approval or disapproval.

In a Field Study by Shultz and His Colleagues (2007),several