Question 1

For twenty years,Debbie has bottled up her resentment toward her mother.Not coincidentally,she's developed a horrible skin rash,cannot sleep,and has lost her appetite.Debbie's situation is an example of

Accepted Answer

Debbie's situation is an example of a Freudian concept where repressed emotions, such as resentment, manifest as physical symptoms, aligning with Freud's theory of psychosomatic disorders.

Question 2

____ aggression is an act that stems from feelings of anger,and that is aimed at inflicting pain.

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression is defined as an act that is motivated by feelings of anger, frustration, or hostility, and that is aimed at inflicting pain on another person. Misplaced aggression refers to aggression that is directed at the wrong target, instrumental aggression is aggression that is used as a means to achieve a goal, and malicious aggression is aggression that is motivated by a desire to cause harm or see someone suffer.

Question 3

Hostile aggression differs from instrumental aggression in that instrumental aggression

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression involves using force or harm as a means to an end, such as achieving a goal or obtaining a reward, while hostile aggression is driven by anger or the desire to harm others for no particular reason. Therefore, inflicting pain or harm is a characteristic feature of instrumental aggression.

Question 4

Whenever Jeff becomes angry,he suppresses his emotions.He continues to hold in these feelings,and they build up until one day he explodes and punches his hand through a wall.Jeff's behavior is an illustration of

Accepted Answer

Jeff's behavior is consistent with the hydraulic theory of aggression, which suggests that aggression builds up over time and may eventually lead to an explosive outburst. Suppressing emotions is thought to increase the pressure of this buildup, contributing to the final outburst.

Question 5

____ aggression is an act in the service of a goal that does not involve the infliction of pain.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is a type of aggression that is aimed at achieving a goal rather than simply causing harm or pain to another individual. This can include behaviors such as stealing, intimidating or threatening someone, or even physical violence if it is seen as necessary to achieve the intended goal. In contrast, hostile aggression is driven primarily by anger, frustration, or a desire to cause pain or harm to another person, while misplaced and oblique aggression are more specific subsets of instrumental aggression that involve targeting someone or something other than the actual source of the frustration or goal.

Question 6

According to the authors of your text,the same act may be considered aggression or not depending on

Accepted Answer

The authors of the text state that the same act may be considered aggression or not depending on whether physical or psychological harm was intended. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. The other options (A, B, and D) do not take into account the intention behind the act, which is an important factor in determining whether an act is aggressive or not.

Question 7

The goal of ____ aggression is to inflict pain; the goal of ____ aggression is to achieve some other outcome.

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression is characterized by an intent to harm or injure someone, while instrumental aggression is used as a means to achieve a particular goal or outcome. Hostile aggression is often impulsive and emotion-driven, while instrumental aggression tends to be more calculated and deliberate.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of hostile rather than of instrumental aggression?

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression involves hurting someone out of anger, frustration or for the sake of causing harm. Breaking a club out of frustration in golf would be an example of hostile aggression as it is not directed towards anyone in particular and is a result of frustration. The other options involve instrumental aggression, which involves using aggression as a means to achieve a goal, such as killing a pig for food, killing a fly to get rid of it, or killing an enemy in war to protect one's country.

Question 9

Which of the following is the best example of hostile aggression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the best...

Question 10

Mr.Jenkins was backing out of his driveway and accidentally hit his neighbor (whom he dislikes)as he was biking by.Why isn't this act aggressive?

Accepted Answer

The act of hitting the neighbor was unintentional, meaning that it was not a deliberate attempt to cause harm or assert dominance. Aggression is defined as behavior intended to harm or injure another person, so since Mr. Jenkins did not intend to harm his neighbor, this act cannot be classified as aggressive.

Question 11

Your text provides the example of the Columbine High School shootings as an extreme example of aggression.Which of the following is not true about the shooting?

Accepted Answer

The shooters were not disgruntled high school teachers, but rather students at Columbine High School.

Question 12

Sigmund Freud asserted that aggressive urges must be released in some way,or else they will build until they produce physical or psychological illness.Given this specific assertion,Freud's is a(n) ____ model of aggression.

Accepted Answer

Freud's assertion that aggressive urges build up like pressure in a hydraulic system, and must be released in some way, is a metaphorical description of his psychoanalytic theory of aggression. This model of aggression views it as an innate drive or instinct that requires an outlet, and suggests that the repression or inhibition of aggressive impulses can lead to psychological or physical symptoms.

Question 13

____ is to instinct toward life as ____ is to instinct toward death.

Accepted Answer

Eros is the instinct toward life, growth, and creativity, while Thanatos is the instinct toward death, destruction, and aggression. This concept was introduced by Sigmund Freud in his psychoanalytic theory.

Question 14

Julie is really interested in Tom.She flirts with him at lunch a few times,and finally asks him out for a drink on Friday.According to the authors of your text,Julie's behavior is

Accepted Answer

Julie's behavior is assertive, as she is expressing her interest in Tom and taking action to ask him out. This is a confident and proactive way to pursue a romantic interest. Her behavior is not aggressive or abnormal, and there is no indication that it is specifically masculine.

Question 15

Andrea asks her friends to spread a nasty rumor about her opponent for the office of class president to attempt to damage his reputation in the days before the election.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Andrea asks her friends to spread a...

Question 16

Freud's concept of Thanatos is similar to the theory developed by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Freud's concept of Thanatos is similar to...

Question 17

Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression?

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression refers to using aggressive behavior as a means to achieve a goal or accomplish a task. Killing a leader to ensure the success of a coup is a clear example of instrumental aggression, as the goal is to achieve political power via violence. The other examples do not involve a clear goal or purpose for the aggressive behavior.

Question 18

When Sigmund Freud (1930,p.67)wrote,"It is at work in every living being and is striving to bring it to ruin and to reduce life to its original condition of inanimate matter," he was referring to

Accepted Answer

Freud was referring to the concept of the death instinct, which posits that all living beings have an innate drive towards self-destruction and the return to a state of inanimate matter. This concept is related to Freud's broader theory of psychoanalysis and his views on human nature. The other options, such as instrumental aggression or the Nazi war machine, are not directly related to Freud's concept of the death instinct.

Question 19

According to most social psychologists,aggression is defined as

Accepted Answer

Aggression is typically defined as an intentional behavior aimed at causing harm or pain to another person. This definition distinguishes aggression from accidental harm or aggression that may result from negligence.

Question 20

According to the social-psychological definition of "aggression," which of the behaviors below is the best example of aggression?

Accepted Answer

The social-psychological definition of aggression refers to behavior that is intended to harm another person, either physically or verbally. Option C is the only example where a person intends to harm another person through physical violence by attempting to hit their father during a temper tantrum.  The other options do not involve an intent to harm someone, making them not fit the definition of aggression according to social psychology.

Quiz 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People