Question 1

Longevity itself may result from lifelong ______, in this case harming men.

Accepted Answer

Gender stratification, or the unequal distribution of resources, power, and opportunities between men and women, may result in harmful effects on men's health and decrease their longevity. This includes societal expectations for men to be providers and the resulting stress and pressure that can lead to health issues such as heart disease and substance abuse.

Question 2

In older adults, a positive worldview _____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that older adults with a positive worldview tend to have a greater sense of meaning in life and better psychological well-being compared to those with a negative outlook.

Question 3

Today in the United States, public agencies rarely provide support or assistance to caregivers unless an emergency situation arises.

Accepted Answer

In general, public agencies in the US do not have comprehensive programs to support caregivers, and assistance is often only provided in emergency situations. However, there may be some exceptions or local programs that do provide support.

Question 4

Erik Erikson called the final crisis of development _____.

Accepted Answer

Erikson called the final crisis of development "Integrity versus Despair" which occurs during late adulthood. This stage involves reflecting on one's life and coming to a sense of wholeness and acceptance of oneself or experiencing regret and hopelessness. Option A refers to the seventh stage of development and Option B refers to the seventh and eighth stages of development, while Option D is not a recognized development stage in Erikson's theory.

Question 5

The medical establishment is largely responsible for preventing frailty among the old.

Accepted Answer

While the medical establishment plays a role in treating and managing health conditions that can contribute to frailty, the prevention of frailty among the old requires a broader approach that includes regular exercise, healthy nutrition, social engagement, and environmental modifications.

Question 6

Yvette looks back at her life with pride, even though some aspects of her personal history include errors on her part. Yvette is in the stage that Erik Erikson called _____.

Accepted Answer

The stage that Yvette is in, where she looks back at her life with pride despite past mistakes, is the stage of integrity versus despair, which is the final stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This stage occurs in late adulthood and involves reflecting upon one's life and accepting it for what it is, including both successes and failures. Those who have a sense of integrity feel a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment, while those who experience despair often feel regret and disappointment.

Question 7

Self theories emphasize _____.

Accepted Answer

Self theories emphasize an individual's perceptions and beliefs about themselves, including their abilities, traits, and potential. It is focused on how individuals view themselves and their abilities, rather than external factors such as social forces, discrimination, or opportunities.

Question 8

Gender-stratification theory recognizes that men and women are pushed into certain roles because of their sex, roles that may ultimately _____.

Accepted Answer

Gender-stratification theory recognizes that women's roles in society are often undervalued and that they may face discrimination and barriers to success because of their sex. This can lead to long-term negative outcomes, such as limited career opportunities, lower wages, and decreased financial security in late adulthood. Men may also face pressures to conform to masculine gender norms, which can lead to negative outcomes such as increased risk-taking behaviors and health problems. However, overall, the theory acknowledges that gender roles are socially constructed and can be changed in order to create a more equitable society. Choices A, C, and D are not supported by the theory.

Question 9

_____ theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Stratification theories suggest that social forces such as socioeconomic status, race, and gender determine an individual's opportunities and resources in late adulthood, limiting their choices and directing their lives to a certain extent. Dynamic, self, and stage theories focus more on individual growth, personality, and development rather than social factors.

Question 10

Outright abuse is now rare in U.S. nursing homes, at least in part because of mandatory inspections.

Accepted Answer

Mandatory inspections have helped to reduce outright abuse in U.S. nursing homes.

Question 11

According to Erik Erikson, each new experience throughout life requires _____.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that each stage of life involves a crisis that requires a reassessment of identity to achieve a sense of self and personal growth.

Question 12

In one study, researchers discovered that the brains, bodies, and behaviors of adults diagnosed with _____ were more like those of younger adults.

Accepted Answer

The study found that adults diagnosed with late-life depression had brains, bodies, and behaviors that were more similar to younger adults. This suggests that depression may accelerate the aging process in some ways. The other options (A, B, and D) are not related to this specific finding.

Question 13

Most elderly hoarders grew up ______.

Accepted Answer

Elderly hoarders are often found to have grown up during the Great Depression when resources were scarce, and people learned to save and hoard items in case they ever needed them in the future. This experience may have contributed to their hoarding behavior later in life.

Question 14

A caregiver who uses restraints and overmedication when taking care of an elderly person is committing elder abuse.

Accepted Answer

Restraints and overmedication are forms of physical and chemical restraint, which are considered elder abuse. It is important for caregivers to use alternative methods of managing behavior and providing care that do not involve these harmful practices.

Question 15

Marge was asked to select a cherished object from her life. She chose a small tarnished picture frame with a photo of her with her mother, taken when she was a girl. Her selection demonstrates her attempt to _____.

Accepted Answer

Marge's selection of the picture frame with a photo of her and her mother indicates her desire to hold on to her identity and possibly her memories of her childhood and relationship with her mother.

Question 16

Martha has accumulated such large piles of old papers and magazines that she can no longer use her table or desk, and she has held on to so much old furniture and clothing that many rooms in her home cannot be entered. In her attempts to hang on to various material items from her life, Martha developed _____.

Accepted Answer

Martha's behavior is indicative of compulsive hoarding, which is characterized by an excessive accumulation of possessions, difficulty discarding items, and cluttered living spaces. This behavior can lead to significant functional impairments and safety hazards.

Question 17

According to Erik Erikson, the dichotomy of integrity versus despair is the focus of _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the final stage that occurs in late adulthood focuses on the dichotomy of integrity versus despair. It is during this stage that individuals reflect on their life and feel a sense of satisfaction or regret based on how well they feel they have lived.

Question 18

Theories that describe the ways in which societies place people on a particular life path are called "______."

Accepted Answer

Stratification theories describe the hierarchical and unequal distribution of resources and opportunities within a society, which can result in certain groups of people being placed on particular life paths based on their social position. Self theories focus on individuals' perceptions of themselves and their abilities, while continuity theories emphasize the importance of maintaining a consistent identity and set of values throughout the lifespan. Activity theories highlight the importance of staying active and engaged in meaningful activities in later life.

Question 19

"Assisted living" is the term used to describe when an elder moves into a younger relative's home.

Accepted Answer

"Assisted living" typically refers to a specific type of living arrangement for older adults that provides assistance with activities of daily living, whereas living in a younger relative's home is commonly referred to as "family caregiving" or "multigenerational living."

Question 20

The caregiver of a frail elderly person is usually a daughter even if the frail person is still living with a spouse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The caregiver of a frail elderly person...

Quiz 25: Late Adulthood: Psychosocial Development