Question 1

Imagine that Spearman, Thurstone, Sternberg, and Gardner are engaged in a spirited debate of the following statement: "A person's IQ score is the single best description of his or her overall mental ability." Pick any two of these theorists and explain how they would respond to this contention.

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Question 2

Dr. Roberto investigates how the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge develop over the human lifespan. Dr. Roberto's area of research is:

Accepted Answer

Dr. Roberto's area of research is cognition, which focuses on how mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, reasoning, language, and problem-solving develop and operate within the brain. Comparative cognition deals with comparing mental processes among different species, the linguistic relativity hypothesis is concerned with language's effect on thought, and problem-solving and decision making are specific cognitive processes that fall under the broader area of cognition.

Question 3

Contrast the viewpoints of Charles Spearman and Louis L. Thurstone on the nature of intelligence.

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Question 4

Describe at least three suggestions mentioned in your text that can enhance your ability to think creatively. Bonus: provide a real-life example of a way in which each strategy was used or could be used to solve a real problem.

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Question 5

Explain what is meant by autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and neurodiversity, and discuss the results of research presented in the In Focus box, "Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ."

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Question 6

The psychological process that involves manipulating mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions is called:

Accepted Answer

Perception and sensation refer to the initial processing of sensory information, while learning refers to the acquisition of new knowledge or skills. Thinking specifically involves manipulating mental representations to reason, problem solve, and draw conclusions.

Question 7

Use the example of the Buraku people of Japan to describe and explain the relationship between social discrimination and IQ scores.

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Question 8

Describe psychological research that supports the following statement: "Environmental factors can have a significant effect on IQ scores."

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Question 9

Compare and contrast Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences and Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.

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Question 10

Members of virtually any group can experience a decline in performance due to stereotype threat. Describe the results of the various studies that looked at stereotype threat and racial identity, ethnic groups, age, gender, and socioeconomic status.

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Question 11

How we use our cognitive abilities and accumulated knowledge to think, solve problems, and use language are all key dimensions of:

Accepted Answer

Perception and sensation are more related to the processing of sensory information, while memory is more about the storage and retrieval of information. Intelligence, on the other hand, encompasses our ability to reason, think abstractly, and solve problems, as well as our accumulated knowledge and verbal abilities.

Question 12

Define stereotype lift, and explain how psychological research has demonstrated its effects on test performance.

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Question 13

Define stereotype threat, and explain how psychological research has demonstrated its effects on test performance.

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Question 14

Assume that there are two different human racial groups, called the Lugs and the Glugs. Group testing has revealed that the Glugs have an IQ score that is 15 points higher on average than that of the Lugs. Which is more likely to explain this difference between the two groups-genetic factors or environmental factors? Why?

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Question 15

Who was David Wechsler, and what was his contribution to the field of intelligence testing?

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Question 16

Describe and explain the potential ways that environmental factors might influence IQ scores. Where possible, cite specific research studies that have provided evidence for such influence.

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Question 17

Define the concepts of standardization, reliability, and validity, and explain why they are important requirements for any psychological test.

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Question 18

Thinking often involves the manipulation of two forms of mental representations:

Accepted Answer

Thinking involves manipulating mental representations, which can take the form of concepts (abstract ideas) and mental images (mental representations of sensory experiences). The other answer choices either do not accurately describe mental representations or do not encompass the full range of mental representations involved in thinking processes.

Question 19

For individuals who are genetically related, how does similarity in IQ scores vary with degree of genetic relatedness?

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The answer of For individuals who are genetically related, how...

Question 20

_____ is the term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Cognition is the general term used to describe mental activities such as thinking, remembering, learning, problem-solving, decision-making, and attention. It involves the acquisition, organization, and utilization of knowledge. Perception, mental imagery, and sensation are all specific components of cognition, but not the overall term used to describe it.

Quiz 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence