B. F. Skinner was able to produce learned helplessness in birds, monkeys, dogs, and rats by alternating fixed-interval and variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement.

Question

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Although B. F. Skinner conducted research on learned helplessness in animals, he did not produce it by alternating fixed-interval and variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Learned helplessness was later identified by Martin E. P. Seligman in research with dogs.

B F Skinner Was Able to Produce Learned Helplessness in Birds