Edward Tolman's research on rats running mazes led him to conclude that reinforcement was not necessary for learning to occur.

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Edward Tolman's research led him to propose the idea of cognitive maps, which suggested that animals (including humans) learn through the formation of mental maps of their surroundings, and that reinforcement (or rewards/punishments) may not necessarily be required for learning to occur.

Edward Tolman's Research on Rats Running Mazes Led Him to Conclude