Question 1

Recent research using subliminal perception demonstrated conclusively that faces paired with a pleasant subliminal odor receive the lowest likeability ratings, while faces paired with an unpleasant subliminal odor receive the highest likeability ratings.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Recent research using subliminal perception has not demonstrated conclusively that faces paired with a pleasant subliminal odor receive the lowest likeability ratings, while faces paired with an unpleasant subliminal odor receive the highest likeability ratings. More research would be needed to confirm any such findings.

Question 2

In 1957, James Vicary falsely claimed to have increased the sale of popcorn and Coca-Cola at a New Jersey movie theater when the owner flashed subliminal messages to "Eat popcorn!" and "Drink Coke!" on the movie screen during the movie.

Accepted Answer

James Vicary did make this false claim in 1957 about subliminal messages increasing sales at a movie theater. However, it was later revealed that he never actually conducted the experiment and the entire thing was a hoax.

Question 3

Weber's law holds that the size of the just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the size of the original stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Weber's law states that the just noticeable difference is proportional to the intensity of the original stimulus. This is known as Weber's fraction, and it is a constant for each sensory modality. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 4

The cornea is a clear membrane that covers the front of the eye.

Accepted Answer

The cornea is a clear membrane that covers the front of the eye.

Question 5

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that when people are repeatedly exposed to a particular stimulus, their liking for that stimulus will increase.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the mere exposure effect. Research has found that people tend to develop a greater preference for things they are familiar with, even if they initially had no strong feelings toward them. This is commonly referred to as the mere exposure effect.

Question 6

Recent research using subliminal perception has shown that faces paired with a pleasant subliminal odor receive the highest likeability ratings, while faces paired with an unpleasant subliminal odor receive the lowest likeability ratings.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has indeed shown that faces paired with a pleasant subliminal odor receive the highest likeability ratings, while faces paired with an unpleasant subliminal odor receive the lowest likeability ratings.

Question 7

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that the basilar membrane vibrates at the same frequency as the sound stimulus to which it is briefly exposed.

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect actually refers to a psychological phenomenon where individuals tend to develop a preference for things that they have been repeatedly exposed to. It has nothing to do with the basilar membrane or the frequency of sound stimuli.

Question 8

The iris is the black opening in the middle of the eye.

Accepted Answer

The iris is actually the colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil, which is the black opening in the middle of the iris.

Question 9

Within a few minutes of putting on your wristwatch in the morning, you no longer feel the watch on your wrist. This is an example of sensory adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Sensory adaptation refers to the decreased sensitivity of our sensory receptors over time in response to constant stimulation. In this case, our tactile sensory receptors on the wrist adapt to the feeling of the watch on our skin, making it less noticeable over time.

Question 10

Scientific research has demonstrated that stimuli that are presented subliminally (that is, below the threshold of conscious perception) have no effect on attitudes, thoughts, preferences, and emotions.

Accepted Answer

While there is some debate in the field of psychology regarding the extent of subliminal influence on attitudes, thoughts, preferences, and emotions, a significant body of research suggests that subliminal stimuli can have some effect on these aspects of human psychology.

Question 11

Research indicates that subliminal messages exert very powerful influences on our subconscious minds.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that subliminal messages have minimal or no significant impact on influencing behavior or decision-making.

Question 12

Another term for difference threshold is just noticeable difference.

Accepted Answer

Yes, this is true. Difference threshold refers to the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli, while just noticeable difference (JND) is another term used to describe the same concept. Both terms are used in the study of sensory perception, especially in psychophysics.

Question 13

The finding that repeated exposure to a particular stimulus leads to increased liking for that stimulus is called sensory adaptation.

Accepted Answer

The finding that repeated exposure to a particular stimulus leads to increased liking for that stimulus is actually called the mere-exposure effect. Sensory adaptation is the phenomenon where the brain adjusts to constant or repetitive stimuli over time, reducing sensitivity to that stimulation.

Question 14

The human eye is specialized to detect only a very narrow range of wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum.

Accepted Answer

The human eye can only detect wavelengths of light between about 400-700 nanometers, which is a very narrow range on the electromagnetic spectrum compared to the full range of wavelengths that exist.

Question 15

Subliminal images in advertising have been shown to influence consumer decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Subliminal images in advertising have been shown...

Question 16

Some animals, such as snakes and insects, can "see" wavelengths of electromagnetic energy that are invisible to humans.

Accepted Answer

Some animals, such as snakes, bees, and butterflies, can see ultraviolet light, which is invisible to humans. Some insects and fish can also see polarized light, which is again not visible to humans.

Question 17

Studies of self-help tapes that use subliminal messages, such as stop smoking or weight loss tapes, show that most of these tapes are not effective.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that most self-help tapes using subliminal messages are not effective for smoking cessation or weight loss.

Question 18

Although the mere exposure effect works with overtly presented messages, the research indicates that it does not work with subliminal exposure to stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the mere exposure effect can occur with both overtly presented and subliminally exposed stimuli, leading to increased preference or familiarity.

Question 19

The mere exposure effect holds true for exposure to subliminal stimuli as well as exposure to nonsubliminal stimuli.

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect, which states that people tend to develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them, holds true for both subliminal and nonsubliminal stimuli.

Question 20

Psychologists have found that the effects of subliminal stimuli tend to be strong and long-lasting.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have found that the effects of subliminal stimuli are generally weak and short-lived. While subliminal messages may have some temporary impact, they do not have the powerful and enduring effects often portrayed in popular culture.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception

Recent research using subliminal perception demonstrated conclusively that faces paired with a pleasant subliminal odor receive the lowest likeability ratings, while faces paired with an unpleasant subliminal odor receive the highest likeability ratings.

In 1957, James Vicary falsely claimed to have increased the sale of popcorn and Coca-Cola at a New Jersey movie theater when the owner flashed subliminal messages to "Eat popcorn!" and "Drink Coke!" on the movie screen during the movie.

Weber's law holds that the size of the just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the size of the original stimulus.

The cornea is a clear membrane that covers the front of the eye.

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that when people are repeatedly exposed to a particular stimulus, their liking for that stimulus will increase.

Recent research using subliminal perception has shown that faces paired with a pleasant subliminal odor receive the highest likeability ratings, while faces paired with an unpleasant subliminal odor receive the lowest likeability ratings.

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that the basilar membrane vibrates at the same frequency as the sound stimulus to which it is briefly exposed.

The iris is the black opening in the middle of the eye.

Within a few minutes of putting on your wristwatch in the morning, you no longer feel the watch on your wrist. This is an example of sensory adaptation.

Scientific research has demonstrated that stimuli that are presented subliminally (that is, below the threshold of conscious perception) have no effect on attitudes, thoughts, preferences, and emotions.

Research indicates that subliminal messages exert very powerful influences on our subconscious minds.

Another term for difference threshold is just noticeable difference.

The finding that repeated exposure to a particular stimulus leads to increased liking for that stimulus is called sensory adaptation.

The human eye is specialized to detect only a very narrow range of wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum.

Subliminal images in advertising have been shown to influence consumer decisions.

Some animals, such as snakes and insects, can "see" wavelengths of electromagnetic energy that are invisible to humans.

Studies of self-help tapes that use subliminal messages, such as stop smoking or weight loss tapes, show that most of these tapes are not effective.

Although the mere exposure effect works with overtly presented messages, the research indicates that it does not work with subliminal exposure to stimuli.

The mere exposure effect holds true for exposure to subliminal stimuli as well as exposure to nonsubliminal stimuli.

Psychologists have found that the effects of subliminal stimuli tend to be strong and long-lasting.