Question 1

Gestalt theory is based on the idea that

Accepted Answer

Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole is different from the sum of its parts. It is focused on understanding perception and how individuals perceive and organize information in the world around them.

Question 2

The psychologist most closely associated with the school of functionalism is

Accepted Answer

Functionalism was a school of psychology that emphasized the practical application of psychology to understanding mental processes and behavior. William James is considered the father of functionalism as he focused on the purpose and function of mental processes in adapting to the environment.

Question 3

If you are asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have while answering a test question,you would be engaging in

Accepted Answer

Introspection is the act of examining one's own thoughts and experiences. Choosing to list all the thoughts and experiences while answering a test question involves introspection. Critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating information, skepticism involves questioning and doubting ideas, and psychoanalysis involves delving into the unconscious mind to understand behavior.

Question 4

Psychoanalysis is a type of psychological treatment to resolve unconscious conflicts that cause mental disorders.This treatment was developed by

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud, who believed that unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions were the root of many mental disorders. He developed a variety of techniques to help patients access and work through these unconscious conflicts, including free association, dream analysis, and transference.

Question 5

The person who established the first psychology laboratory,which marked the beginning of experimental psychology,was

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879, which marked the beginning of experimental psychology as a scientific discipline. Sigmund Freud is known for psychoanalysis, William James for creating functionalism, and Edward Titchener for establishing structuralism as a school of psychology.

Question 6

Noreen believes that our behavior often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts.This viewpoint is most consistent with the ________ approach in psychology.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic approach in psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and conflicts in shaping human behavior. This approach is closely associated with the ideas of Sigmund Freud, who believed that many of our emotions, desires, and behaviors are driven by unconscious motives and conflicts rooted in early childhood experiences. Noreen's belief that behavior reflects unconscious processes is therefore most consistent with the psychoanalytic approach.

Question 7

The person who is most closely associated with the study of the unconscious is

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is widely credited as the founder of psychoanalysis, a theory and therapeutic approach that emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind in shaping human behavior and emotions. Freud's work on the unconscious has had a profound influence on modern psychology and psychiatry.

Question 8

Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the school of thought called

Accepted Answer

Functionalism was a school of thought in psychology that emphasized the adaptive and practical functions of behavior. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection provided strong support for the functionalist perspective, as it suggested that organisms evolve in response to the demands of their environment and that behavior serves to help individuals survive and thrive in those environments.

Question 9

Gestalt psychology was developed based on the idea that a person's experiences are more than just the collection of various parts or elements of consciousness.This idea is in direct contrast with the ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The gestalt psychology approach was developed in contrast to the structuralist approach, which emphasized the breaking down of consciousness into its individual components or structures.

Question 10

Functionalism is the school of thought concerned with

Accepted Answer

Functionalism is focused on understanding the purpose of behavior and how it helps individuals in their environment. It is interested in how mental processes and behavior adapt to environmental demands.

Question 11

The psychological approach that emphasizes the role of the environment in influencing behavior is

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism is the psychological approach that emphasizes the role of the environment in influencing behavior. It suggests that behavior can be learned through environmental cues, and that individuals respond to stimuli in their environment in predictable ways. This approach places little emphasis on internal mental processes, focusing instead on observable behaviors and the ways in which they are shaped by environmental factors.

Question 12

The psychologist who would be mostly likely to focus on mental functions,such as problem solving and decision making,would be a

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as problem solving, decision making, and learning.

Question 13

According to the concept of "survival of the fittest,"

Accepted Answer

The concept of "survival of the fittest" states that organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to future generations. It does not necessarily mean that random mutations are always adaptive or that only the biggest organisms will survive. It also does not suggest that organisms without random mutations are always more likely to survive.

Question 14

The cognitive revolution was launched by

Accepted Answer

George Miller is credited with launching the cognitive revolution with his 1956 paper "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information." This paper challenged behaviorism and popularized the study of mental processes and information processing in psychology. Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, and William James are all important figures in psychology, but they did not play a pivotal role in the cognitive revolution.

Question 15

Dr.Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to identify the basic elements of mental experience.Dr.Leleux's beliefs are most closely matched with the school of thought called

Accepted Answer

Dr. Leleux's belief that psychologists should identify the basic elements of mental experience is consistent with the goals of structuralism, which aimed to understand the structure of the mind by breaking down mental experiences into their basic components. Functionalism, on the other hand, focused on the adaptive functions of mental processes, behaviorism emphasized the study of observable behavior rather than subjective experiences, and Gestalt theory emphasized the holistic perception of objects and events rather than their component parts.

Question 16

The theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers

Accepted Answer

The theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers emphasize the concept that much of human behavior is determined by the unconscious. Freud believed that unconscious desires and conflicts have a significant impact on an individual's behavior, thoughts, and emotions, and that bringing these unconscious processes to conscious awareness can be therapeutic. This is in contrast to behaviorism which emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior, or functionalism which emphasizes the adaptive purposes of mental processes. Freud's theories also emphasized the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts, as he believed that the mind is made up of interacting, dynamic parts that cannot be fully understood in isolation.

Question 17

Structuralists used a procedure to investigate the conscious parts of the mind.In this procedure an observer described the simple elements of a mental experience in as much detail as possible.This procedure was called

Accepted Answer

The procedure described in which an observer would describe the simple elements of a mental experience is known as introspection. This was a key technique used by structuralists to study the conscious parts of the mind. The other choices - B, C, and D - are not accurate descriptions of this procedure.

Question 18

According to structuralism,the goal of psychology is to

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was a school of psychology that focused on breaking down the conscious experience into basic sensory and perceptual elements. It believed that understanding these elements was key to understanding the structure of the mind. Therefore, the goal of psychology according to structuralism was to explore these basic elements of the conscious experience.

Question 19

Which of the following questions do behaviorists attempt to answer?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists attempt to answer how behavior is a result of environmental factors such as reinforcement, punishment, and conditioning. They do not focus on mental processes or unconscious conflicts, and do not prioritize the idea of parts versus a whole.

Question 20

The unconscious mind influences human behavior,according to

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind in shaping human behavior. According to this theory, a significant portion of our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are influenced by unconscious processes and repressed memories. Freud's techniques of free association and dream analysis were designed to uncover unconscious material and make it conscious, in order to promote healing and personal growth.

Quiz 1: Introducing the World of Psychology