Question 1

Since anxiety can hurt test performance,Thatcher does relaxation exercises before a big exam.He is shocked when he does poorly on the exam.He would have been less surprised had he known about the relationship between physiological activation and performance,as described in

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law describes the relationship between physiological arousal or activation and performance. According to this law, there is an optimal level of arousal or activation for best performance on a task. Too little or too much arousal can lead to decreased performance. In Thatcher's case, his relaxation exercises may have lowered his arousal level too much, leading to poorer performance on the exam.

Question 2

Vincent is a brilliant artist and is very satisfied with his achievements.However,he has little to eat,lives in poverty,and spends most of his time alone working on his art.Why would Vincent's life be problematic in terms of Maslow's need hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's need hierarchy proposes that lower needs such as physiological and safety needs must be met before higher needs such as esteem and self-actualization. While Vincent may have achieved self-actualization through his art, his lack of basic needs such as adequate food and shelter may make it difficult for him to feel secure and satisfied in his life. Therefore, his situation is problematic in terms of Maslow's need hierarchy.

Question 3

Jenna plans to be an engineer.However,she loves taking dance classes and makes time for them even if it means that she must skip a meal or not get much sleep.Jenna's behavior is best explained by

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

From an evolutionary perspective,we can see that pleasure ________ the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it ________.

Accepted Answer

Pleasure is often associated with activities that promote survival and reproduction, such as eating food and engaging in sexual behavior. These activities are seen as adaptive behaviors because they increase the likelihood of passing on one's genes to future generations. Therefore, pleasure can be seen as an important motivator for these adaptive behaviors.

Question 5

Raymond is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days.He finally realizes he is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep.Raymond's desire to go home and get some rest so that he no longer feels tired is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A drive is an internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that strive to reduce this tension. In this scenario, Raymond's internal state of tension or drive (due to lack of sleep and exhaustion) is pushing him to go home and get some rest.

Question 6

Cyril is writing an essay on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Which of the following should he include as a critique of the theory?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization may not be necessary for happiness is a critique of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 7

Jerome's boat sank in cold water and his body temperature is dangerously low,so he starts swimming to raise his body temperature.According to motivational theory,Jerome's low temperature created a deficient state called a(n)________,which in turn created a motivating state called a(n)________ to increase his temperature.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Jerome's low body temperature creates a deficiency in his physiological needs (need for warmth) which in turn creates a drive to increase his temperature. Therefore, the best choice is C) need; drive. Option A) and B) are incorrect because they do not capture the deficiency or drive aspect of motivation.

Question 8

Cesar has done so well in his economics class that he only needs 43 out of 100 points on the final exam to receive an "A" in the class.Cesar still studies a lot because he wants to do well on the final.Cesar's behavior is affected by

Accepted Answer

Cesar's behavior suggests that he has a strong internal motivation to do well, even though he only needs a few points to achieve his desired grade. He is not solely motivated by external factors like grades or rewards, making option B incorrect. Option A and C do not accurately reflect Cesar's behavior.

Question 9

When he misses lunch,August knows he is experiencing a state of deficiency.Pretty soon,he starts to feel hungry and he goes to a deli to eat.August was motivated to eat because he experienced the psychological state called a(n)________,which will reduce his state of deficiency.

Accepted Answer

August's hunger is creating a state of deficiency, which is a physiological need that drives him to seek out food. This drive is the psychological state that motivates him to eat, making option D the correct choice. Options A and B are not accurate choices because they do not reflect the basic physiological need that is motivating August's behavior. While a "goal" might motivate him to choose a particular restaurant or menu item, it is not the fundamental reason for his behavior. Similarly, an "incentive" might motivate him to eat more quickly or to choose a more expensive entree, but it does not explain why he is motivated to eat in the first place. Option C, "need," is closely related to the correct answer, but it is not specific enough to fully capture the concept of a drive as a physiological state that motivates behavior.

Question 10

Robert becomes anxious during exams.He has found that chewing on the eraser on his pencil while he thinks helps him to calm down.Over time,Robert's pencil chewing is likely to become a(n)

Accepted Answer

Robert's pencil chewing is a repetitive behavior that he has developed as a way to cope with his anxiety during exams. It is likely to become a habit over time, as he continues to associate it with a sense of relaxation or comfort. It is not an incentive because it is not a reward or goal that is driving his behavior. It is also not a drive or need, as these refer to internal motivations for basic physiological or psychological needs like hunger or thirst.

Question 11

Ming is hiking around a lake to photograph it from a variety of angles,but she forgot to bring water with her.Soon,she cannot concentrate and goes back to her car to satisfy her thirst.Which of the following factors is most likely influencing Ming's behavior in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Drive reduction theory suggests that when our physiological needs, such as thirst, are not met, we are motivated to engage in behavior (in this case, going back to the car) to reduce that drive and restore balance to our body.

Question 12

Gertrude is close to finishing her degree in biology and has been offered several good jobs in her field.However,Gertrude decides that she really wants to become a carpenter.She quits school and becomes a very happy and successful carpenter.According to Maslow,Gertrude

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that self-actualization is the highest level of need fulfillment, where individuals reach their full potential and achieve personal fulfillment. By following her true passion and becoming a successful carpenter, Gertrude is displaying characteristics of self-actualization. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. The other options cannot be confirmed based on the given information.

Question 13

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year.His brother tries to get him to go to some social events,but Hugh does not want to do anything.Hugh's behavior is not energized,directed,or sustained,and he is lacking

Accepted Answer

Hugh's behavior indicates a lack of motivation, as he is not energized, directed, or sustained in any activities. This could be due to his sadness over his friend studying abroad for a year.

Question 14

Antoinette is a real risk taker.She loves to skydive,and she can party all night.Benita dislikes risk taking and prefers quieter activities,such as reading and yoga.These contrasting preferences in the rate of physiological activation they experience suggest that Antoinette and Benita differ in their

Accepted Answer

The optimal level of arousal theory states that individuals seek to maintain an optimal level of arousal in order to maximize their performance, and their preference for certain activities is based on their level of physiological activation. Antoinette's preference for high-risk activities suggests that she has a higher optimal level of arousal, while Benita's preference for quieter activities suggests that she has a lower optimal level of arousal. The other options do not accurately account for this difference in optimal arousal levels.

Question 15

Ruth has weighed 130 pounds all her adult life.During her pregnancy,she gained 25 pounds.After having her baby,Ruth's weight returned naturally to 130 pounds.For Ruth,130 pounds is a(n)________,and her body went back to it through the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

130 pounds is Ruth's set point, a weight her body naturally returns to, and homeostasis is the process by which her body maintains this stable weight.

Question 16

When explaining the purpose of homeostasis,Dr.Murphy would most likely suggest that it

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable conditions internally, despite changes in the external environment. This includes maintaining stable levels of temperature, pH, blood sugar, and other vital parameters. The purpose of homeostasis is to ensure that the body's cells and organs can function optimally, without being subjected to too much stress or damage.

Question 17

Mauricio does not get enough milk to drink and begins to eat chalk from his classroom to replace the missing calcium.Mauricio eating chalk in order to replenish the calcium in his body is an example of

Accepted Answer

Mauricio's body is trying to maintain homeostasis, which is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body. In this case, his body is lacking calcium and is trying to replace it by the only means available to him - eating chalk. This is a natural response to maintain homeostasis. Choice A (self-determination) and choice C (an incentive) are not applicable to this situation, while choice B (a habit) implies that Mauricio eats chalk regularly, which is not necessarily the case here.

Question 18

During recess,children are trying to balance a seesaw.If one side is too low,a heavier child will get off and be replaced by a lighter child;if one side is too high,a lighter child will be replaced by a heavier one.The children's behavior is similar to our biological states as they try to create

Accepted Answer

The children are trying to balance the seesaw, indicating they are seeking equilibrium. This behavior is similar to our biological states, where the body tries to maintain balance or homeostasis. Hence, option B, equilibrium, is the best choice. Options A and C, drive satisfaction and arousal, respectively, do not fit the given scenario. Option D, a habit, is also irrelevant as there is no indication that the children are trying to establish a habit.

Question 19

Terry's home was destroyed in a hurricane.It is hard to find food,so he is constantly hungry.However,he feels lucky because his family survived and he is together with his loved ones.According to Maslow's theory,Terry's ________ needs are not met,but his ________ needs are being met.

Accepted Answer

Terry's physiological needs (food) are not met, but his belonging needs (being with loved ones) are being met.

Question 20

Janelle knows that motivational states are directive,meaning that they

Accepted Answer

The answer of Janelle knows that motivational states are directive,meaning...

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion

Since anxiety can hurt test performance,Thatcher does relaxation exercises before a big exam.He is shocked when he does poorly on the exam.He would have been less surprised had he known about the relationship between physiological activation and performance,as described in

Vincent is a brilliant artist and is very satisfied with his achievements.However,he has little to eat,lives in poverty,and spends most of his time alone working on his art.Why would Vincent's life be problematic in terms of Maslow's need hierarchy?

Jenna plans to be an engineer.However,she loves taking dance classes and makes time for them even if it means that she must skip a meal or not get much sleep.Jenna's behavior is best explained by

From an evolutionary perspective,we can see that pleasure the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it .

Raymond is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days.He finally realizes he is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep.Raymond's desire to go home and get some rest so that he no longer feels tired is a(n)

Cyril is writing an essay on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Which of the following should he include as a critique of the theory?

Cesar has done so well in his economics class that he only needs 43 out of 100 points on the final exam to receive an "A" in the class.Cesar still studies a lot because he wants to do well on the final.Cesar's behavior is affected by

When he misses lunch,August knows he is experiencing a state of deficiency.Pretty soon,he starts to feel hungry and he goes to a deli to eat.August was motivated to eat because he experienced the psychological state called a(n) ________,which will reduce his state of deficiency.

Robert becomes anxious during exams.He has found that chewing on the eraser on his pencil while he thinks helps him to calm down.Over time,Robert's pencil chewing is likely to become a(n)

Ming is hiking around a lake to photograph it from a variety of angles,but she forgot to bring water with her.Soon,she cannot concentrate and goes back to her car to satisfy her thirst.Which of the following factors is most likely influencing Ming's behavior in this situation?

Gertrude is close to finishing her degree in biology and has been offered several good jobs in her field.However,Gertrude decides that she really wants to become a carpenter.She quits school and becomes a very happy and successful carpenter.According to Maslow,Gertrude

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year.His brother tries to get him to go to some social events,but Hugh does not want to do anything.Hugh's behavior is not energized,directed,or sustained,and he is lacking

Ruth has weighed 130 pounds all her adult life.During her pregnancy,she gained 25 pounds.After having her baby,Ruth's weight returned naturally to 130 pounds.For Ruth,130 pounds is a(n) ,and her body went back to it through the process of .

When explaining the purpose of homeostasis,Dr.Murphy would most likely suggest that it

Mauricio does not get enough milk to drink and begins to eat chalk from his classroom to replace the missing calcium.Mauricio eating chalk in order to replenish the calcium in his body is an example of

During recess,children are trying to balance a seesaw.If one side is too low,a heavier child will get off and be replaced by a lighter child;if one side is too high,a lighter child will be replaced by a heavier one.The children's behavior is similar to our biological states as they try to create

Terry's home was destroyed in a hurricane.It is hard to find food,so he is constantly hungry.However,he feels lucky because his family survived and he is together with his loved ones.According to Maslow's theory,Terry's needs are not met,but his needs are being met.

Janelle knows that motivational states are directive,meaning that they

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion

Since anxiety can hurt test performance,Thatcher does relaxation exercises before a big exam.He is shocked when he does poorly on the exam.He would have been less surprised had he known about the relationship between physiological activation and performance,as described in

Vincent is a brilliant artist and is very satisfied with his achievements.However,he has little to eat,lives in poverty,and spends most of his time alone working on his art.Why would Vincent's life be problematic in terms of Maslow's need hierarchy?

Jenna plans to be an engineer.However,she loves taking dance classes and makes time for them even if it means that she must skip a meal or not get much sleep.Jenna's behavior is best explained by

From an evolutionary perspective,we can see that pleasure ________ the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it ________.

Raymond is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days.He finally realizes he is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep.Raymond's desire to go home and get some rest so that he no longer feels tired is a(n)

Cyril is writing an essay on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Which of the following should he include as a critique of the theory?

Cesar has done so well in his economics class that he only needs 43 out of 100 points on the final exam to receive an "A" in the class.Cesar still studies a lot because he wants to do well on the final.Cesar's behavior is affected by

When he misses lunch,August knows he is experiencing a state of deficiency.Pretty soon,he starts to feel hungry and he goes to a deli to eat.August was motivated to eat because he experienced the psychological state called a(n) ________,which will reduce his state of deficiency.

Robert becomes anxious during exams.He has found that chewing on the eraser on his pencil while he thinks helps him to calm down.Over time,Robert's pencil chewing is likely to become a(n)

Ming is hiking around a lake to photograph it from a variety of angles,but she forgot to bring water with her.Soon,she cannot concentrate and goes back to her car to satisfy her thirst.Which of the following factors is most likely influencing Ming's behavior in this situation?

Gertrude is close to finishing her degree in biology and has been offered several good jobs in her field.However,Gertrude decides that she really wants to become a carpenter.She quits school and becomes a very happy and successful carpenter.According to Maslow,Gertrude

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year.His brother tries to get him to go to some social events,but Hugh does not want to do anything.Hugh's behavior is not energized,directed,or sustained,and he is lacking

Ruth has weighed 130 pounds all her adult life.During her pregnancy,she gained 25 pounds.After having her baby,Ruth's weight returned naturally to 130 pounds.For Ruth,130 pounds is a(n) ________,and her body went back to it through the process of ________.

When explaining the purpose of homeostasis,Dr.Murphy would most likely suggest that it

Mauricio does not get enough milk to drink and begins to eat chalk from his classroom to replace the missing calcium.Mauricio eating chalk in order to replenish the calcium in his body is an example of

During recess,children are trying to balance a seesaw.If one side is too low,a heavier child will get off and be replaced by a lighter child;if one side is too high,a lighter child will be replaced by a heavier one.The children's behavior is similar to our biological states as they try to create

Terry's home was destroyed in a hurricane.It is hard to find food,so he is constantly hungry.However,he feels lucky because his family survived and he is together with his loved ones.According to Maslow's theory,Terry's ________ needs are not met,but his ________ needs are being met.

Janelle knows that motivational states are directive,meaning that they

From an evolutionary perspective,we can see that pleasure the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it .

Ruth has weighed 130 pounds all her adult life.During her pregnancy,she gained 25 pounds.After having her baby,Ruth's weight returned naturally to 130 pounds.For Ruth,130 pounds is a(n) ,and her body went back to it through the process of .

Terry's home was destroyed in a hurricane.It is hard to find food,so he is constantly hungry.However,he feels lucky because his family survived and he is together with his loved ones.According to Maslow's theory,Terry's needs are not met,but his needs are being met.