Question 1

Betty is making a mud pie out of dirt she brought in from the backyard.When her mother sees it,she yells,"Stop it.Good girls do not play with dirt and mud." According to humanistic approaches to personality,Betty's mom is creating ________ for her daughter.

Accepted Answer

Conditions of worth refer to the external standards that individuals must meet in order to receive positive regard and approval from others. In this case, Betty's mother is imposing such conditions by suggesting that playing with dirt and mud is not appropriate behavior for a "good girl".

Question 2

Trait theories,like the five-factor theory,are important because they

Accepted Answer

Trait theories, such as the five-factor theory, focus on identifying consistent patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings that can predict a wide variety of behaviors across situations. Therefore, D is the best choice as it directly addresses the importance of these theories in their predictive power. A is incorrect as trait theories do not necessarily focus on unconscious processes. B is incorrect as projective measures are not an essential component of trait theories. C is incomplete and inaccurate since it suggests that trait theories are only concerned with personality in isolation from situational influences, whereas in reality, these theories focus on how personality interacts with situational factors.

Question 3

You know you can successfully get into medical school.You say,"All I have to do is figure out how other people got in,select the strategies I can use,and implement my plan." You appear to have a(n)________ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

An internal locus of control means that an individual believes their outcomes are largely due to their own efforts and abilities. In this scenario, the statement suggests that the individual believes they have control over their success in getting into medical school by identifying and implementing successful strategies. This is indicative of an internal locus of control.

Question 4

In the five-factor theory,the trait of neuroticism is similar to the dimension of ________ in Eysenck's biological trait theory.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism in the Five-Factor Model is similar to the dimension of stability in Eysenck's theory, where stability is the opposite pole of neuroticism, indicating emotional stability versus instability.

Question 5

When Phia's boss tells her that she is lazy and needs to work harder,Phia smiles and nods politely.That night,she screams at her husband,Eric,for burning the steaks.Phia's behavior most likely is a result of the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Displacement is a defense mechanism in which a person transfers their negative emotions, such as anger or frustration, from one situation onto a less threatening or more acceptable target. In this case, Phia may have felt angry and frustrated with her boss for criticizing her work ethic, but because confronting her boss directly would have been too threatening or unacceptable, she instead displaces her anger onto her husband over something relatively minor like burning dinner.

Question 6

Greg is a parent who wants to apply a person-centered approach to raising his son Isaac.Which of the following things should Greg do?

Accepted Answer

A person-centered approach emphasizes the importance of unconditional positive regard and empathy towards the individual. This means that Greg should love and support Isaac, regardless of his behavior, and avoid using punishment or withdrawal of affection as a means of enforcing rules. Choice A and B are not person-centered approaches, as they both involve using external measures to control Isaac's behavior. Choice D also does not align with a person-centered approach, as it focuses on teaching Isaac to cope with his internal conflicts rather than addressing them directly.

Question 7

Charlotte is excessively needy and smokes cigarettes constantly to ease her anxiety.According to the psychodynamic theory of personality,Charlotte may be fixated at the ________ stage of psychosocial development.

Accepted Answer

According to psychodynamic theory, smoking and excessive neediness are associated with fixation at the oral stage of development, which occurs during the first year of life.

Question 8

Which of the following traits is NOT part of the five-factor theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

Introversion is not one of the traits in the five-factor theory of personality. The actual trait is extraversion, which is the opposite of introversion.

Question 9

Derek's dad demands that Derek play catch with him.When Derek drops the ball,his dad tells him that he is useless unless he can be a good athlete.According to humanistic approaches to personality,Derek's dad is creating ________ for his son.

Accepted Answer

Conditions of worth are external standards that individuals must meet in order to receive positive regard from others. Derek's dad is creating conditions of worth by telling Derek that he is only valuable if he can be a good athlete. This can lead to feelings of low self-esteem and can hinder Derek's ability to pursue his own unique interests and talents.

Question 10

If you become fixated at the anal psychosexual stage,which of the following would likely characterize your behavior?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, fixation at the anal stage can lead to an individual becoming stubborn, rigid, and highly focused on controlling their environment. This can be seen in behaviors such as excessive cleanliness, orderliness, and a need for discipline and rules.

Question 11

Brad and Gloria met on an online dating site.Gloria describes herself as secure,calm in stressful situations,and rarely angry.According to the Big Five trait theory,Gloria is most likely

Accepted Answer

The traits of being secure, calm in stressful situations, and rarely angry suggest that Gloria is low in neuroticism, which is one of the Big Five personality traits.

Question 12

Phoebe is an inventor who is creative and good at using everyday items in unusual ways.According to the Big Five model of personality,Phoebe most likely would be high in

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality model includes five dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Phoebe's ability to use everyday items in unusual ways suggests a high level of creativity and imagination, which is associated with high openness to experience.

Question 13

Marta's parents want her to become a doctor,but she would like to be an artist.Which approach to personality would suggest that Marta's personal growth is associated with following her dream of becoming an artist?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach to personality emphasizes on personal growth, self-understanding, and self-actualization. It suggests that individuals should focus on their own unique potential in order to lead fulfilling lives. In this scenario, the humanistic approach would encourage Marta to follow her dream and become an artist because it aligns with her personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 14

Eddie failed his driver's license test.When asked why he failed,Eddie says the questions were not fair and the driving instructor did not teach him properly.According to expectancy theory,Eddie probably has an

Accepted Answer

Eddie's belief that external factors, such as the unfair questions and inadequate instruction from the driving instructor, were responsible for his failure, indicates an external locus of control according to expectancy theory.

Question 15

Dr.Roger is a psychologist trained in the person-centered approach to therapy.Which of the following describes how Dr.Roger would treat his clients?

Accepted Answer

The person-centered approach emphasizes the importance of discussing the client's problems as they understand them, and Dr.Roger would approach therapy in this way. Observing behaviors by multiple raters, administering personality tests, or using projective tests would not be central to this approach.

Question 16

Sam does not try hard at work,because he believes that promotions are completely random and that he has no control over whether he will get promoted.According to expectancy theory,Sam most likely has a(n)________ locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Sam's belief that promotions are random and he has no control over them reflects an external locus of control.

Question 17

Dr.Carl is a humanistic psychologist studying personality.Which of the following statements is he most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-understanding, and individual uniqueness in shaping personality. It focuses on the conscious experiences and choices of the individual rather than on unconscious processes. Therefore, Dr. Carl is most likely to subscribe to this perspective.

Question 18

Silas thinks that a personality is made up of characteristics that can be described on a dimension from low to high.Silas most likely agrees with the ________ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

The trait approach to personality focuses on identifying and measuring the specific traits that make up an individual's personality, which can be described on a dimension from low to high. This is consistent with Silas's belief that personality is made up of characteristics that can be described on a dimension.

Question 19

Andy's id is a very dominant force in his personality.Which of the following is Andy most likely to do?

Accepted Answer

Andy's dominant id suggests that he may be impulsive in making decisions, indicating that he may follow his impulses rather than considering the consequences of his actions.

Question 20

Sheldon and Amy met on an online dating site.Sheldon describes himself as stubborn,competitive,and argumentative.According to the Big Five trait theory,Sheldon is most likely

Accepted Answer

The traits "stubborn," "competitive," and "argumentative" are indicative of low agreeableness according to the Big Five trait theory.

Quiz 13: Self and Personality