Question 1

Which instruction should a nurse give to a patient who needs to collect a sputum specimen for culture?
A)Collect the specimen just before bedtime.
B)Keep the container nearby until at least 60 mL is collected.
C)Perform mouth care prior to specimen collection.
D)Restrict fluid for 12 hours prior to specimen collection.

Accepted Answer

The patient should perform mouth care prior to specimen collection to decrease contaminants from oral flora.

Question 2

A patient asks a nurse if having a computed tomography (CT)scan for cardiac scoring is really necessary.What information in the patient's history indicates that this test is indicated?
A)30 year-old-female, overweight, high-stress occupation, total cholesterol 110 mg/dL
B)45-year-old male, type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, HDL cholesterol 35 mg/dL
C)60-year-old female with no family history of heart disease, active lifestyle, nonsmoker
D)70-year-old male, participates in senior triathlons, body mass index 21.2, history of hypertension

Accepted Answer

The patient with type 2 diabetes and low HDL cholesterol is at increased risk for heart disease and would benefit from cardiac scoring with a CT scan. The other options either have no significant risk factors or have positive lifestyle factors that decrease their risk for heart disease.

Question 3

Initial testing indicates that a patient has hypothyroidism, but additional testing is required to confirm this.Which of the following is a complementary adjunct test that would be appropriate for this purpose?
A)Thyroxine, free
B)Triiodothyronine, free
C)Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)
D)Troponins I and T

Accepted Answer

The answer of Initial testing indicates that a patient has...

Question 4

Which of the following is a toxin found naturally in the seeds of the castor oil plant?
A)Anthrax
B)Ricin
C)Brucellosis
D)Botulism

Accepted Answer

Ricin is a toxin found naturally in the seeds of the castor oil plant. Anthrax, Brucellosis, and Botulism are caused by bacteria, not naturally occurring toxins in the castor oil plant.

Question 5

A patient is suspected of having basal cell carcinoma.Which of the following biopsy procedures should the nurse expect to be performed to assist in diagnosing this condition?
A)Lymph node
B)Muscle
C)Prostate
D)Skin

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer, so a skin biopsy would be the appropriate procedure to assist in diagnosing this condition. A lymph node biopsy may be done if there is suspicion of cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes, but this is not the best choice for diagnosing basal cell carcinoma. Muscle and prostate biopsies are not related to this type of cancer.

Question 6

The mother of a 6-month-old would like to have her child tested for Tay-Sachs disease because of a family history of this inherited disorder.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?
A)Homovanillic acid (HVA)
B)5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
C)Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid
D)Hexosaminidase A and B

Accepted Answer

The appropriate test for Tay-Sachs disease is to measure the activity of the enzyme hexosaminidase A and B. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by mutations in the HEXA gene, which codes for the alpha subunit of hexosaminidase A. A deficiency in hexosaminidase A leads to the accumulation of ganglioside GM2, which causes progressive damage to the nervous system. Measurement of hexosaminidase A and B activity can identify carriers and affected individuals. The other tests listed are not specific for Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 7

A neonate born to a multiparous mother with Rh negative blood is being evaluated for the potential of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)and has a positive direct Coombs' antiglobulin test (DAT).The nurse's priority intervention should be to:
A)Assess jaundice at birth or onset in the first 24 hours.
B)Administer Rh immune globulin vaccine to the neonate at birth.
C)Instruct the mother in the benefits of formula feeding to prevent jaundice.
D)Keep the neonate NPO until after exchange transfusion.

Accepted Answer

The priority intervention for a positive direct Coombs' test in a neonate born to a mother with Rh negative blood is to assess for jaundice at birth or onset in the first 24 hours. This is because a positive Coombs' test indicates that the neonate may have hemolytic disease of the newborn, which can cause severe jaundice and potentially lead to serious complications. Timely identification and treatment of jaundice is essential in preventing complications and ensuring appropriate treatment. Administering Rh immune globulin vaccine to the neonate at birth or instructing the mother in the benefits of formula feeding are not appropriate interventions in this situation. Keeping the neonate NPO until after an exchange transfusion is also not necessary unless specifically ordered by the healthcare provider.

Question 8

To minimize injury when performing a heel stick for collection of a specimen from a full-term neonate, a nurse should use an automatic lancet that has a puncture depth that does not exceed:
A)0)8 mm
B)1)5 mm
C)2)0 mm
D)3)2 mm

Accepted Answer

The answer of To minimize injury when performing a heel...

Question 9

A nurse is preparing a patient for a pelvic, nonobstetric ultrasound.Which information, reported by the patient, should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this procedure?
A)Barium study 2 weeks ago
B)Latex allergy
C)Menstruating
D)History of rape

Accepted Answer

Latex allergy is a contraindication for a pelvic ultrasound if the procedure involves the use of any latex-containing devices or probes. The healthcare team needs to ensure that all materials used are safe for the patient.

Question 10

A patient's laboratory test results indicate a positive finding for hepatitis A antibody.Given this virus's primary mode of transmission, the nurse should provide teaching to the patient on which of the following?
A)Risk of sharing needles
B)Frequent hand hygiene
C)Importance of using condoms during sex
D)Danger of a baby acquiring the infection from the mother at birth

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, which can occur through food contamination or poor hygiene practices. Therefore, frequent hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of the virus. Other modes of transmission, such as sharing needles, having unprotected sex, and perinatal (mother-to-baby) transmission, are not commonly associated with hepatitis A.

Question 11

A patient is suspected of having Graves' disease.Which test would be most appropriate for confirming this suspicion?
A)Thyroxine, total
B)Triiodothyronine, free
C)Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)
D)Troponins I and T

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) are antibodies that are present in Graves' disease and can confirm the diagnosis. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels can be elevated in Graves' disease but are not definitive tests. Troponins I and T are markers of heart damage and are not relevant to Graves' disease.

Question 12

A patient has been diagnosed with rickets.The nurse is aware that this condition is associated with a deficiency in which vitamin?
A)Vitamin C
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K

Accepted Answer

Rickets is a condition that can occur in children due to a deficiency in vitamin D, which is essential for the proper development and growth of bones. Without enough vitamin D, bones can become soft and weak, leading to deformities and other health problems. Vitamin C is important for immune function and skin health, but is not directly related to bone development. Vitamins E and K are important for other aspects of health, but are not typically associated with rickets.

Question 13

A nurse is reviewing a patient's chest x-ray that is described as a "PA view." This indicates that the x-ray was taken by directing the beam:
A)At an angle from the patient's mediastinum through the vertebrae
B)From front to back with the patient in a supine position on the x-ray table
C)From the patient's right side through the left side
D)Through the patient from the back to the front

Accepted Answer

A PA (posteroanterior) view in chest x-ray imaging means the x-ray beam passes from the back (posterior) of the patient to the front (anterior) side, with the patient standing facing the x-ray film or detector.

Question 14

A nurse is preparing to perform venipuncture on a 6-month-old infant with anemia.The infant has had multiple specimens drawn over an extended hospitalization.The mother is very anxious and tells the nurse that she does not want any more blood drawn because it is too upsetting.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A)"I am sure you think this is best for your child, but you are interfering with treatment by refusing this test."
B)"If you are sure you do not want the test done, I will call your health-care provider to get it cancelled.It is up to you."
C)"Your health-care provider ordered this test, so I am sure you want to have it done or your health-care provider will not be able to do what is best for your child."
D)"We all want what is best for your child.Tell me more about why you are upset now."

Accepted Answer

The best response is to acknowledge the mother's feelings and explore the reason for her distress. This allows for empathy and understanding, which can facilitate a discussion about the importance of the test and ways to help the infant cope with the procedure. The other options are confrontational and do not take into account the mother's concerns.

Question 15

A patient with a history of asthma is scheduled for a radioallergosorbent test (RAST)for IgE.The patient asks the nurse about the purpose of this test.The best response by the nurse is to explain that the RAST:
A)"Assists the health-care provider to make an accurate diagnosis of the type of asthma"
B)"Determines the best type of medication to manage the patient's asthma"
C)"Helps decrease sensitivity to antigens that cause asthma"
D)"May identify specific antigens that can exacerbate asthma"

Accepted Answer

The RAST test can identify specific antigens that can exacerbate asthma by measuring the level of IgE antibodies in response to certain allergens. This information can help the healthcare provider develop a management plan to avoid or minimize exposure to identified allergens.

Question 16

Which statement by a nurse will ensure that a specimen is obtained from the correct patient?
A)"Are you [state patient's full name]?"
B)"I am comparing the name on your armband to this lab requisition form."
C)"Please state your full name and birth date."
D)"What test did your health-care provider order for you?"

Accepted Answer

Asking the patient to state their full name and birth date is a standard patient identification process that ensures the specimen is obtained from the correct patient by verifying their identity against medical records or lab requisition forms.

Question 17

A patient is found to have prostatic hypertrophy of unknown etiology.Which of the following biopsy procedures should the nurse expect to be performed to assist in diagnosing this condition?
A)Lymph node
B)Muscle
C)Prostate
D)Skin

Accepted Answer

Prostatic hypertrophy would require a biopsy of the prostate gland to confirm the diagnosis, as this condition specifically involves the prostate. Biopsies of lymph nodes, muscle, or skin would not provide diagnostic information for prostatic hypertrophy.

Question 18

A cystometry evaluation reveals that an adult patient reports an urge to void when the bladder is filled at the 200 mL level and that the bladder pressure is 60 cm H₂O.The nurse should use these results to plan interventions for: A)Decreased ability to identify bladder sensation B)Improving bladder capacity C)Maintaining a normal voiding pattern D)Managing urinary incontinence secondary to decreased bladder capacity

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a normal voiding pattern is the goal of nursing interventions when the bladder pressure is 60 cm H2O and the patient reports an urge to void at 200 mL.

Question 19

A patient admitted to an emergency department with trauma after a motorcycle accident needs blood drawn.The patient has a fracture of the right arm that is splinted, lacerations of both legs, and IV fluids infusing in the left antecubital space.Which is the most appropriate intervention for a nurse to use to collect the required blood specimens?
A)Access a vein in the foot for specimen collection.
B)Request insertion of a central line to use for blood collection and IV access as needed.
C)Stop the IV infusion for 2 minutes and then access a site below the IV.
D)Use a butterfly needle to access a vein in the right hand.

Accepted Answer

Stopping the IV infusion for 2 minutes and accessing a site below the IV is appropriate to avoid dilution of the blood sample by the IV fluids.

Question 20

A patient is suspected of having hypothyroidism.Which test would be most appropriate for confirming this suspicion?
A)Thyroglobulin
B)Thyroid-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin
C)Thyroxine-binding globulin
D)Toxoplasma antibody

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate test for confirming hypothyroidism is measuring thyroid hormone levels, specifically thyroxine (T4) levels. Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a protein that binds to T4 and is involved in transporting T4 in the blood. Measuring levels of TBG can help diagnose certain thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism. Thyroglobulin is a protein produced by the thyroid gland that is used in testing for thyroid cancer. Thyroid-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin is used to diagnose Graves disease, which is a type of hyperthyroidism. Toxoplasma antibody testing is used to diagnose and monitor a parasitic infection called toxoplasmosis.

Quiz 2: Preface

Which instruction should a nurse give to a patient who needs to collect a sputum specimen for culture?

A patient asks a nurse if having a computed tomography (CT) scan for cardiac scoring is really necessary.What information in the patient's history indicates that this test is indicated?

Initial testing indicates that a patient has hypothyroidism, but additional testing is required to confirm this.Which of the following is a complementary adjunct test that would be appropriate for this purpose?

Which of the following is a toxin found naturally in the seeds of the castor oil plant?

A patient is suspected of having basal cell carcinoma.Which of the following biopsy procedures should the nurse expect to be performed to assist in diagnosing this condition?

The mother of a 6-month-old would like to have her child tested for Tay-Sachs disease because of a family history of this inherited disorder.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?

A neonate born to a multiparous mother with Rh negative blood is being evaluated for the potential of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) and has a positive direct Coombs' antiglobulin test (DAT) .The nurse's priority intervention should be to:

To minimize injury when performing a heel stick for collection of a specimen from a full-term neonate, a nurse should use an automatic lancet that has a puncture depth that does not exceed:

A nurse is preparing a patient for a pelvic, nonobstetric ultrasound.Which information, reported by the patient, should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this procedure?

A patient's laboratory test results indicate a positive finding for hepatitis A antibody.Given this virus's primary mode of transmission, the nurse should provide teaching to the patient on which of the following?

A patient is suspected of having Graves' disease.Which test would be most appropriate for confirming this suspicion?

A patient has been diagnosed with rickets.The nurse is aware that this condition is associated with a deficiency in which vitamin?

A nurse is reviewing a patient's chest x-ray that is described as a "PA view." This indicates that the x-ray was taken by directing the beam:

A patient with a history of asthma is scheduled for a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for IgE.The patient asks the nurse about the purpose of this test.The best response by the nurse is to explain that the RAST:

Which statement by a nurse will ensure that a specimen is obtained from the correct patient?

A patient is found to have prostatic hypertrophy of unknown etiology.Which of the following biopsy procedures should the nurse expect to be performed to assist in diagnosing this condition?

A cystometry evaluation reveals that an adult patient reports an urge to void when the bladder is filled at the 200 mL level and that the bladder pressure is 60 cm H₂O.The nurse should use these results to plan interventions for:

A patient is suspected of having hypothyroidism.Which test would be most appropriate for confirming this suspicion?