Question 1

Social facts are true because:
A) they can be proven so
B) rational thinking is key
C) we interpret them using pre-existing categories and assumptions
D) they are pre-determined

Accepted Answer

Social facts are true because we interpret them using pre-existing categories and assumptions. They are not pre-determined or able to be proven through rational thinking alone. The social world is complex and multi-faceted, and social facts are constructed through shared understandings and meanings within a given society or culture.

Question 2

The authors' metatheoretical framework is built around the questions of
A) solidarity and isolation
B) order and action
C) power and submission
D) cognition and emotion

Accepted Answer

The metatheoretical framework discussed by the authors focuses on the concepts of order and action, which are central to understanding social theories and their implications.

Question 3

The thing to remember about facts is that
A) they are only applicable to hard sciences
B) they are based upon implicit assumptions
C) facts are universally accepted
D) facts are mathematically derived

Accepted Answer

Facts are often based upon implicit assumptions and can vary depending on cultural or personal perspectives. This is known as the "fact-value distinction" in philosophy. Therefore, facts are not universally accepted and can be subject to interpretation. Additionally, while mathematical facts do exist, not all facts are mathematically derived.

Question 4

Who coined the term "sociology"?
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Auguste Comte

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte first coined the term "sociology" in 1838.

Question 5

What theorist is mentioned when critiques of capitalism are discussed:
A) Auguste Comte
B) Max Weber
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Karl Marx

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx is the theorist most commonly associated with critiques of capitalism. Marx believed that capitalism was inherently exploitative and that it would lead to a revolution by the working class to overthrow the ruling class and establish a socialist system.

Question 6

The perspective that pictures society as an overarching system that works down on individuals and groups to determine the shape of the social order is called:
A) individualist
B) nonrational
C) collectivist
D) rational

Accepted Answer

The perspective that pictures society as an overarching system that works down on individuals and groups to determine the shape of the social order is known as collectivist. This means that the society's needs and preferences take precedence over those of individuals, which can lead to a more cohesive and uniform social order. This viewpoint emphasizes the importance of social harmony and cooperation in achieving societal goals.

Question 7

Your authors do not provide which of the following when constructing a framework for the introductory chapter as a means for students to comprehend classical sociological theory?
A) how
B) why
C) when
D) who

Accepted Answer

The introductory chapter framework typically focuses on explaining the "how," "why," and "who" aspects of classical sociological theory, but not necessarily the "when," which is more about historical context rather than theoretical understanding.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of sociological theories?

A) They tend to be more evaluative and critical.
B) They tend to rely purely on statistics.
C) They tend to rely on ethnographies only.
D)They are centered upon participant observation.

Accepted Answer

Sociological theories tend to be evaluative and critical. While statistics, ethnographies, and participant observation may be utilized in sociological research, they are not defining characteristics of sociological theories.

Question 9

One of the most important aspects of the new attitude from the Enlightenment was an emphasis on
A) education
B) strategy
C) reason
D) religion

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment placed a strong emphasis on reason, which was seen as the key to unlocking knowledge and progress. This new attitude emphasized critical thinking and rational inquiry, rather than relying on tradition or authority.

Question 10

One of the concepts developed during the time of the Enlightenment included
A) verstehen
B) the civil society
C) religious conservatism
D) anomic society

Accepted Answer

The concept of civil society, which emphasizes the importance of a society that is governed by rationality, tolerance and an appreciation for individual freedom, was a key development of the Enlightenment. Verstehen is a sociological concept developed by Max Weber, an important sociologist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which emphasizes the need for social scientists to understand the subjective experiences that shape people's lives. Religious conservatism is a term used to describe a worldview that emphasizes the importance of traditional religious values, while an anomic society is one in which there is a lack of social cohesion and a corresponding sense of moral disorientation. These concepts are not directly related to the Enlightenment.

Question 11

Many of the seeds for what would become sociology were first planted with
A) the American Revolution
B) the French Revolution
C) the Enlightenment
D) the Fall of Rome

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment is the most accurate choice as it was a period of intellectual and philosophical development in the 18th century that laid the foundations for modern sociology. Enlightenment thinkers sought to examine and understand human society using reason and empirical evidence rather than tradition and authority. Their ideas influenced the development of sociology as a scientific discipline that seeks to understand the social world through systematic observation and analysis.

Question 12

When a person takes her bearings more from forces outside herself than from internalized forces, we would label this as:
A) individualist
B) rational
C) collectivist
D) nonrational

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a person takes her bearings more...

Question 13

Which concept asks what accounts for the patterns or predictability of behavior that lead us to experience social life as routine?
A) rational
B) order
C) nonrational
D) action

Accepted Answer

The concept that asks what accounts for the patterns or predictability of behavior that lead us to experience social life as routine is the concept of order. The other options (rational, nonrational, and action) do not directly address the idea of predictability or routine in social life.

Question 14

Which of the following individuals is not traditionally associated with the ideas of the Enlightenment?
A) Copernicus
B) Newton
C) Rousseau
D) Galileo

Accepted Answer

Copernicus, Newton, and Galileo are all considered key figures of the scientific Enlightenment, while Rousseau is more closely associated with the social and political aspects of the movement.

Question 15

Theory is vital to making sense of social life because
A) it holds assorted observations and facts together
B) you can't do science without it
C) sociological law states you must
D) social life is based solely on theory

Accepted Answer

Theory helps to connect and explain observations and facts within social life, providing a framework for understanding and analysis.

Answer: B is incorrect because while theory is essential in scientific research, it is not the only requirement for doing science.

Answer: C and D are incorrect because there is no sociological law mandating the use of theory, nor is social life based solely on theory.

Question 16

When a student starts thinking and writing about material presented in a secondary reading, she is how many steps removed from the original text?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Accepted Answer

The student is removed one step from the original text because she is engaging with a secondary reading that is interpreting the original text. However, if she was engaging with a tertiary reading that was interpreting the secondary reading, she would be removed two steps from the original text.

Question 17

Who was the most instrumental in laying the groundwork for the emerging discipline of sociology?
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Auguste Comte

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who was the most instrumental in laying...

Question 18

Which word or phrase best matches for the term "nonrational" when used in the context of the authors' metatheoretical framework?
A) stupid
B) subjective ideals
C) nonsensical
D) irrational

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which word or phrase best matches for...

Question 19

Which founding father of sociology, in response to the Industrial Revolution, compared modern society to an "iron cage"?
A) Karl Marx
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Auguste Comte
D) Max Weber

Accepted Answer

Max Weber was the founding father of sociology who compared modern society to an "iron cage" in response to the Industrial Revolution. He believed that the increasing rationalization and bureaucracy of industrial society restricted individual freedom and perpetuated a sense of alienation among people.

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of scientific theories?
A) Theory is a system of generalized statements or propositions about phenomena
B) They explain and predict phenomena in question
C) They produce testable and thus falsifiable hypotheses
D) Theories are known scientifically as dependent variables

Accepted Answer

Theories are not known scientifically as dependent variables. Theories are explanations or frameworks that help to explain various phenomena, and are typically based on a body of evidence derived from multiple tests or experiments. Dependent variables, on the other hand, are variables in an experiment that are thought to be influenced by changes in the independent variable.

Quiz 1: Introduction

Social facts are true because:

The authors' metatheoretical framework is built around the questions of

The thing to remember about facts is that

Who coined the term "sociology"?

What theorist is mentioned when critiques of capitalism are discussed:

The perspective that pictures society as an overarching system that works down on individuals and groups to determine the shape of the social order is called:

Your authors do not provide which of the following when constructing a framework for the introductory chapter as a means for students to comprehend classical sociological theory?

Which of the following is true of sociological theories?

One of the most important aspects of the new attitude from the Enlightenment was an emphasis on

One of the concepts developed during the time of the Enlightenment included

Many of the seeds for what would become sociology were first planted with

When a person takes her bearings more from forces outside herself than from internalized forces, we would label this as:

Which concept asks what accounts for the patterns or predictability of behavior that lead us to experience social life as routine?

Which of the following individuals is not traditionally associated with the ideas of the Enlightenment?

Theory is vital to making sense of social life because

When a student starts thinking and writing about material presented in a secondary reading, she is how many steps removed from the original text?

Who was the most instrumental in laying the groundwork for the emerging discipline of sociology?

Which word or phrase best matches for the term "nonrational" when used in the context of the authors' metatheoretical framework?

Which founding father of sociology, in response to the Industrial Revolution, compared modern society to an "iron cage"?

Which of the following is not true of scientific theories?