Question 1

The transferring of ideas or emotions from their true source to another object is known as:

Accepted Answer

Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions or ideas are shifted from their original source to a safer or more acceptable substitute.

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning race is true?

Accepted Answer

Race is a social construct that categorizes individuals and groups based on physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features, and hair texture. These categories are often hierarchical and have been used historically to determine power, privilege, and access to resources.

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true?

Accepted Answer

Minority groups are defined by various characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation, and they often experience discrimination, prejudice, and marginalization. Despite these obstacles, minority groups often develop a sense of group solidarity to cope with their situation and advocate for their rights. Option A is incorrect as the numerical size alone does not determine minority status, and some large groups such as women or Jews may face minority-like challenges. Option B is incorrect as eye color is not a significant social marker or source of disadvantage. Option D is incorrect as Irish immigrants faced discrimination and prejudice upon arrival and could not be easily assimilated into the dominant Anglo-Saxon society.

Question 4

People who,because of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics,find themselves in situations of inequality within a society are known as:

Accepted Answer

A minority group is defined as a group of people who, due to their physical or cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged in terms of power and status within a society. This can include racial and ethnic groups, among others. The other options are not as broad and do not encompass all groups that may experience inequality. "Ethnic group" refers specifically to groups with a shared cultural heritage, while "racial group" refers to groups with a shared biological heritage. "Scapegoats" are individuals or groups wrongly blamed for societal problems.

Question 5

The term that describes the differences in human physical characteristics used to categorize large numbers of individuals is:

Accepted Answer

Race is the term used to categorize individuals based on physical differences, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. While the concept of race has been used to create social hierarchies and justify discrimination, it is still commonly used to discuss the historical and current experiences of different groups. Ethnicity refers more to cultural or social characteristics shared by a group, and ethnocentrism and racism are negative attitudes and behaviors towards certain groups based on their perceived race or ethnicity.

Question 6

An individual or group blamed for wrongs that were not of their doing is called a:

Accepted Answer

A scapegoat is an individual or group that is blamed for something they did not do as a means of deflecting blame or responsibility from another individual or group. This can be used as a tool of discrimination and prejudice. Stereotypes, victims, and minority groups can also experience discrimination and prejudice, but they are not specifically defined as being blamed for wrongs they did not do.

Question 7

The term that describes cultural practices and outlooks of a given community that have emerged historically and tend to set people apart is:

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity refers to the cultural practices and outlooks of a community that have emerged historically and tend to set people apart. The other options either refer to attitudes or beliefs about a group of people, or physical characteristics that may or may not be tied to cultural practices.

Question 8

According to the textbook,which of the following statements concerning Western colonialism is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The statement that South Asia, East Asia, the South Pacific, and the Middle East were unaffected by Western colonialism is not true. All of these regions were impacted by Western colonialism in some way, whether through direct colonization or through economic and political exploitation.

Question 9

Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories,such as believing that all Muslims are religious fundamentalists,is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping involves applying fixed and unchanging characteristics to a group of people, without taking into account individual differences or variations within the group. This can lead to unfair and inaccurate assumptions about individuals based on their membership in that group. The example given of believing that all Muslims are religious fundamentalists is a clear example of stereotyping.

Question 10

Joan believes that most drug dealers are black.She continues to hold this belief even though she read in the newspaper that more whites sell drugs than blacks.Joan's attitude is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Joan's belief that most drug dealers are black despite evidence to the contrary is an example of prejudice, which is a preconceived judgment or opinion about a group of people that is not based on reason or actual experience. Discrimination refers to actions or behaviors that treat people unfairly based on their membership in a particular group, while segregation is the separation of people based on factors such as race or ethnicity. Institutional racism refers to policies, practices, and structures within organizations or institutions that intentionally or unintentionally disadvantage certain groups based on their race or ethnicity. While Joan's attitude may contribute to racial disparities and stereotypes, it does not necessarily involve discriminatory actions or institutional practices.

Question 11

The term that describes patterns of discrimination based on ethnicity that have become structured into existing social institutions is:

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism is the term used when patterns of discrimination based on ethnicity become structured into existing social institutions. It can be seen in policies and practices of organizations, government agencies, and other institutions that inadvertently or intentionally discriminate against certain ethnic groups. Interpersonal racism refers to individual acts of discrimination or prejudice, while multiculturalism refers to the coexistence of multiple cultural traditions within a society. Segregation refers to the separation of different groups based on race or other factors.

Question 12

From the 15th century onward,as Europeans came into increased contact with people from different regions of the world,they attempted to categorize these people based on their physical attributes.These categories became the basis of systems that shaped and constrained the people's daily lives.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The process described in the statement is racialization, which involves categorizing people based on their physical attributes and using this as a basis for shaping social systems and interactions. Aggregation refers to the process of grouping data or individuals together based on shared characteristics. Eugenics is a specific belief system that advocates for improving the genetic quality of a population through selective breeding or other means. Generalization refers to the process of drawing broad conclusions or making assumptions based on a limited set of observations.

Question 13

The attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population sharing certain physically inherited characteristics is known as:

Accepted Answer

Racism is the attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population sharing certain physically inherited characteristics. Antiracism is the opposite of racism, and advocates for equal treatment of all races. Relativism is the belief that truth and knowledge are not absolute, but vary based on different contexts and perspectives. Nativism is the belief that one's own culture or nation is superior to others, and often implies hostility towards outsiders.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Being racially Asian is not largely voluntary and symbolic for Asians, as race and ethnicity are intertwined and have historical and cultural roots that cannot be easily separated. Race is also often used as a basis for discrimination and marginalization, making it a more significant part of one's identity for some groups.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the human classification system developed in 1735 by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus?

Accepted Answer

Linnaeus's classification scheme was not free of the prejudices of Europeans that were prevalent at that time. In fact, Linnaeus included a hierarchy within his classification system that placed Europeans at the top and Africans at the bottom, reflecting the prevailing European belief in racial superiority.

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning racism is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Racism is not solely limited to an individual's conscious thoughts and beliefs. It can also exist at a systemic level, manifesting in institutional policies and practices that perpetuate discrimination and inequality.

Question 17

Blaming immigrants for high unemployment rates is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Blaming immigrants for high unemployment rates is an example of scapegoating, which refers to the practice of blaming a particular group or individual for a societal problem or issue that is beyond their control. It is typically used to deflect attention away from the real causes of the problem and to distract people from addressing the underlying issues. It is a form of prejudice that is based on stereotypes and misinformation rather than facts and evidence.

Question 18

What is NOT an example of a racialized system?

Accepted Answer

The term "racialized system" refers to a society or social structure in which race is a key determinant of social advantage or disadvantage. Pre-15th century North America did not have a racialized system as race did not play a significant role in determining social status at that time.

Question 19

Soo Young is a fashion model who has difficulty getting work in the international modeling industry because of an industry-wide bias against fashion models who appear to be of non-European ancestry or mixed race.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of institutional racism because it refers to a bias within the international modeling industry as a whole, rather than just the actions of individuals within the industry. The bias operates at a systemic level, making it difficult for models like Soo Young to break into the industry regardless of their talent or qualifications.

Question 20

Although Scott,an African American,was more qualified than Bernardo,a Hispanic American,Bernardo was hired instead of Scott because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are harder workers than African Americans.The best term used to describe denying Scott the job is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is the act of unfairly treating someone based on their race, ethnicity, gender, or other characteristic. In this scenario, Scott was not hired despite being more qualified because of the owner's prejudiced belief about Hispanic and African American workers. This is an example of discrimination.

Quiz 10: Ethnicity and Race