Question 1

Lloyd has been studying Uganda for decades.Based on his research,he believes that barriers to trade,minimum wage laws,and environmental regulations that affect Ugandan businesses are getting in the way of development and should be minimized or eliminated.His view is best described as:
A) Marxism
B) social democracy
C) neoliberalism
D) anarchism

Accepted Answer

Neoliberalism is an economic policy that promotes free market ideals, limited government intervention, and a focus on individual liberty and individual responsibility. Lloyd's belief that barriers to trade, minimum wage laws, and environmental regulations should be minimized or eliminated aligns with this economic philosophy. Marxism, social democracy, and anarchism all advocate for more government intervention in the economy, which is not consistent with Lloyd's beliefs.

Question 2

Ida studies the economic landscape of Bolivia.Her research has led her to believe that Bolivia will never develop until it abandons its traditional culture and instead focuses on productive investment.What theory or set of theories best describes her view?
A) dependency theories
B) state-centered theories
C) world-systems theory
D) modernization theory

Accepted Answer

Ida's view aligns with the modernization theory, which posits that traditional cultures and practices hinder economic development and that modernization through industrialization and investment is necessary for progress.

Question 3

Afiya has been doing research on austerity policies in western Europe.She concludes that appropriate state policies have played a key role in economic development there.What theory or sets of theories describes her position best?
A) dependency theories
B) state-centered theories
C) world-systems theory
D) modernization theory

Accepted Answer

State-centered theories emphasize the role of the state in economic development and argue that appropriate state policies can promote economic growth. Afiya's conclusion aligns with this theory.

Question 4

The United States would be considered one of the ________ countries in world-systems theory.
A) peripheral
B) subordinate
C) semiperipheral
D) core

Accepted Answer

According to world-systems theory, the core countries are the wealthiest and most developed nations, which dominate and exploit the subordinate nations in the global economy. The United States is widely recognized as a core country, with a high level of economic, political, and military power, and a leading role in shaping global trade and governance. The other options (peripheral, subordinate, and semiperipheral) refer to countries that are less developed and marginalized in the global economy.

Question 5

Why would state-centered theorists be critical of market-oriented theorists?
A) State-centered theorists see state intervention as the major cause of underdevelopment and global inequality.
B) State-centered theorists view the market as the natural and best method for economic development.
C) State-centered theorists think that historical evidence shows that men tend to be better suited to be economic players than women tend to.
D) State-centered theorists think that state intervention into the economy can play a key role in development.

Accepted Answer

State-centered theorists believe that state intervention can play a key role in development, whereas market-oriented theorists tend to advocate for minimal state intervention in the economy. Therefore, state-centered theorists may criticize market-oriented theorists for not recognizing the potential benefits of state intervention in promoting economic development and addressing global inequality. Choices A and B do not accurately reflect the views of state-centered theorists, and choice C is not relevant to the debate between state-centered and market-oriented theorists.

Question 6

Hektor is looking at how air conditioners are manufactured.He notes that parts for them are produced in China,Argentina,and Uruguay,and their assembly takes place at different points throughout the world.Hektor is studying:
A) McDonaldization
B) national franchising
C) industrialization
D) global commodity chains

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes the process of global commodity chains, which involves the production and distribution of goods and services across different countries and sectors. The air conditioners' parts are produced in different countries, and their assembly takes place at multiple locations around the world, highlighting the global nature of the production process.

Question 7

After studying the political economy of modern Germany,Fran concludes that we must consider the world capitalist economy as a single unit instead of looking at individual countries.Her view is best described by what theory or set of theories?
A) dependency theories
B) state-centered theories
C) world-systems theory
D) modernization theory

Accepted Answer

World-systems theory emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of nations in the global capitalist economy. It views the world as a single economic system rather than individual countries, and suggests that economic inequality and exploitation are inherent in this system. Fran's conclusion that we must consider the world capitalist economy as a single unit is in line with the basic tenets of world-systems theory.

Question 8

Francesco uses world-systems theory to study countries that extract profits from the world's poorest countries and yield profits for the world's wealthiest countries.He is studying what kind of nations?
A) core
B) peripheral
C) semiperipheral
D) futuristic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Francesco uses world-systems theory to study countries...

Question 9

Mustafa is a world-systems theorist who studies the world's most powerful countries and outlines how those nations take the largest shares of the world's wealth.He is studying what kind of countries?
A) core
B) peripheral
C) semiperipheral
D) futuristic

Accepted Answer

Mustafa is studying the world's most powerful countries that take the largest shares of the world's wealth. This aligns with the characteristics of core countries in the world-systems theory, which are dominant economically, politically, and militarily on a global scale.

Question 10

Carolina is using world-systems theory to research countries that have resources that tend to flow to the most wealthy nations,which then sell them back to those countries for a profit.She is studying what kind of countries?
A) core
B) peripheral
C) semiperipheral
D) futuristic

Accepted Answer

Peripheral countries are those that have resources that flow to wealthier core nations, which then sell finished goods back to them for a profit.

Question 11

Yessenia studies mid-20th-century India.In her studies,she notes how Great Britain established direct rule over India for profit.She is taking note of what process?
A) colonialism
B) participatory planning
C) assembly making
D) communization

Accepted Answer

The process being described here is colonialism, where a powerful country takes control of a weaker country or region for economic gain. Great Britain's direct rule over India falls under this category. The other choices (participatory planning, assembly making, and communization) do not accurately describe this process.

Question 12

Alejandra believes that poverty in Colombia is largely due to exploitation by the United States and multinational corporations originating in the United States.Her view is best described as corresponding to what theory or set of theories?
A) dependency theories
B) state-centered theories
C) neoliberalism
D) modernization theory

Accepted Answer

Dependency theories assert that the underdevelopment of developing countries is due to the economic dependence on and exploitation by developed countries and multinational corporations originating in developed countries, which extract resources and labor without providing fair compensation. Alejandra's belief that poverty in Colombia is largely caused by exploitation by the United States and multinational corporations originating in the United States aligns with dependency theory.

Question 13

Neoliberalism asserts that:
A) free-market forces,achieved by minimizing governmental restrictions on business,provide the only route to economic growth
B) economic development can occur only if accompanied by liberal social values,such as securing a woman's right to abortion and supporting same-sex marriage
C) state involvement in the economy should be relatively high,even at times running entire industries
D) social democratic programs,such as generous welfare policies and free education provided by the state,are the bedrock of economic growth

Accepted Answer

Neoliberalism emphasizes the importance of free-market forces and minimal governmental restrictions on business as the means to economic growth. It opposes state involvement in the economy beyond ensuring a basic legal framework necessary for markets to operate. It does not prioritize social democratic programs such as generous welfare policies and free education provided by the state.

Question 14

Morgan takes the common view that economics must be viewed as independent nations engaged in diplomatic and economic relations with one another.Why would world-systems theorists critique this idea?
A) World-systems theorists would argue that we must not view the world as independent nations but rather as continents of nations that compete for continental dominance of the market in the world system.
B) World-systems theorists would suggest that Morgan's view runs the risk of delegitimizing the neoliberal project of creating world market systems that could develop the entire globe.
C) World-systems theorists would assert that the world capitalist system is not merely a collection of independent nations but must be understood as a single-world system.
D) World-systems theorists would argue that the world system should actually be analyzed by looking at global finance as a competition between independent cities,with London and New York City as the world's centers of international finance.

Accepted Answer

World-systems theorists see the world as a single global system rather than a collection of independent nations. They argue that the world capitalist system must be analyzed as a whole, with a core, periphery, and semi-periphery, rather than simply as separate nations interacting with each other. Therefore, they would critique Morgan's view of viewing economics as independent nations engaged in diplomatic and economic relations with one another.

Question 15

Why might dependency theorists criticize modernization theory?
A) They would point out that the only way for traditional societies to develop is to shed their traditional ways.
B) They would argue that modernization theory ignores the fact that markets,if freed from state intervention,will develop any society.
C) They would point out that traditional societies are typically low income because of a history of colonialism and oppression.
D) They would suggest that in recent history,historically exploited nations have actually become the new exploiters through global welfare schemes.

Accepted Answer

Dependency theorists argue that traditional societies are typically low income because of a history of colonialism and exploitation by more developed countries. They also criticize modernization theory for assuming that Western-style development is the only way for societies to improve their economic conditions. Dependency theorists contend that developed countries continue to exploit developing countries through economic policies and exploitation of resources. They also argue that the market alone cannot solve development problems and that state intervention is often necessary to promote economic growth and protect the interests of the poor.

Question 16

________ argues that the world capitalist economic system is not merely a collection of independent countries engaged in diplomatic and economic relations with one another but rather must be understood as a single unit.
A) Neoliberalism
B) Postmodernism
C) Structuration theory
D) World-systems theory

Accepted Answer

World-systems theory argues that the world capitalist economic system is not a collection of independent countries, but rather a single unit with core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral regions. This theory emphasizes economic and political relationships among countries and builds upon Marxist ideas of exploitation and inequality in the global system.

Question 17

State-centered theories of global inequality and economic development argue:
A) that state involvement in the economy interferes with prosperity
B) that appropriate government policies do not interfere with economic development but rather can play a key role in bringing it about
C) that the state is constructed in such a way that it must impede development
D) that any economic theory should be focused solely on state actors and political action

Accepted Answer

State-centered theories of global inequality and economic development argue that appropriate government policies can play a key role in bringing about economic development, rather than interfering with it. They recognize the potential for the state to shape market outcomes and intervene through policies such as taxation, subsidies, and regulation.

Question 18

The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders.Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?
A) Dependency theorists would argue that the only way for underdeveloped nations to develop is to borrow from foreign banks and not rely on corporations.
B) Dependency theorists would argue that foreign states provide a much more stable source for income for underdeveloped nations.
C) Dependency theorists would respond that low-income nations need revolutionary changes that would push out,rather than welcome,foreign corporations.
D) Dependency theorists would argue that the legacy of colonialism has already led to positive forms of development in low-income countries.

Accepted Answer

Dependency theorists would argue that neoliberalism and the free market approach would only widen the gap between developed and underdeveloped countries. They would argue for the need for revolutionary changes in the economic system that would prioritize the needs of the poor and marginalized populations. Dependency theorists would also criticize the idea of relying on foreign corporations as they believe that these corporations are more interested in exploiting cheap labor and resources rather than promoting sustainable development in underdeveloped countries.

Question 19

The process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories is called:
A) socialism
B) Manifest Destiny
C) colonialism
D) Southern hegemony

Accepted Answer

Colonialism refers to the practice of one country extending its control over foreign territories through the settlement, economic exploitation, and political domination of those territories. This process was particularly prominent during the 19th and 20th centuries, as Western powers such as Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal established colonies and protectorates throughout Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Socialism is a political and economic system advocating for public ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods, while Manifest Destiny is the belief that American settlers were destined by God to expand across the continent towards the Pacific Ocean. Southern hegemony refers to the power and dominance of the southern United States during the era of slavery and Jim Crow segregation.

Question 20

Dependency theories can be described as:
A) structural theories that show how people on welfare and other forms of social assistance become dependent on it and are thus unable to develop economically
B) Marxist theories of economic development arguing that the poverty of low-income countries stems directly from their exploitation by wealthy countries and the multinational corporations that are based in wealthy countries
C) cultural theories that suggest that some cultures are simply not fit for economic development
D) explanations for how families with many dependents force countries into economic downturns

Accepted Answer

Dependency theories are Marxist theories of economic development that argue that the poverty of low-income countries stems directly from their exploitation by wealthy countries and the multinational corporations that are based in wealthy countries. They suggest that poor countries are dependent on the rich countries and unable to develop economically without breaking free from this dependence.

Quiz 8: Global Inequality

Lloyd has been studying Uganda for decades.Based on his research,he believes that barriers to trade,minimum wage laws,and environmental regulations that affect Ugandan businesses are getting in the way of development and should be minimized or eliminated.His view is best described as:

Ida studies the economic landscape of Bolivia.Her research has led her to believe that Bolivia will never develop until it abandons its traditional culture and instead focuses on productive investment.What theory or set of theories best describes her view?

Afiya has been doing research on austerity policies in western Europe.She concludes that appropriate state policies have played a key role in economic development there.What theory or sets of theories describes her position best?

The United States would be considered one of the ________ countries in world-systems theory.

Why would state-centered theorists be critical of market-oriented theorists?

Hektor is looking at how air conditioners are manufactured.He notes that parts for them are produced in China,Argentina,and Uruguay,and their assembly takes place at different points throughout the world.Hektor is studying:

After studying the political economy of modern Germany,Fran concludes that we must consider the world capitalist economy as a single unit instead of looking at individual countries.Her view is best described by what theory or set of theories?

Francesco uses world-systems theory to study countries that extract profits from the world's poorest countries and yield profits for the world's wealthiest countries.He is studying what kind of nations?

Mustafa is a world-systems theorist who studies the world's most powerful countries and outlines how those nations take the largest shares of the world's wealth.He is studying what kind of countries?

Carolina is using world-systems theory to research countries that have resources that tend to flow to the most wealthy nations,which then sell them back to those countries for a profit.She is studying what kind of countries?

Yessenia studies mid-20th-century India.In her studies,she notes how Great Britain established direct rule over India for profit.She is taking note of what process?

Alejandra believes that poverty in Colombia is largely due to exploitation by the United States and multinational corporations originating in the United States.Her view is best described as corresponding to what theory or set of theories?

Neoliberalism asserts that:

Morgan takes the common view that economics must be viewed as independent nations engaged in diplomatic and economic relations with one another.Why would world-systems theorists critique this idea?

Why might dependency theorists criticize modernization theory?

________ argues that the world capitalist economic system is not merely a collection of independent countries engaged in diplomatic and economic relations with one another but rather must be understood as a single unit.

State-centered theories of global inequality and economic development argue:

The doctrine of neoliberalism asserts that underdeveloped countries can develop by freeing up markets and allowing foreign corporations to operate within their borders.Why might dependency theorists critique this idea?

The process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories is called:

Dependency theories can be described as: