Question 1

What term does Durkheim use to describe the degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds?
A)social stratification
B)social class
C)social imperative
D)social integration

Accepted Answer

Durkheim uses the term "social integration" to describe the degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds. This refers to the level of cohesion and belongingness within a society, which can have an impact on social order and stability.

Question 2

Scholars who would argue that the members of society united by shared values hold society together would be most aligned with the ________ theory.
A)pastoral
B)symbolic interactionist
C)stereotype
D)social integration

Accepted Answer

The concept of social integration theory emphasizes that society is held together through the shared values, norms, and beliefs that people hold. This theory argues that social integration serves as an important force in promoting social solidarity and maintaining social cohesion. Therefore, scholars who would argue that the members of society united by shared values hold society together would be most aligned with the social integration theory.

Question 3

Which of the following statements BEST describes how stereotypes affect our interaction with others when we first meet?
A)Stereotypes are usually based on objective facts and hold true.
B)Stereotypes are rarely important in social interaction.
C)Stereotypes provide accurate information about what the person is like.
D)Stereotypes are the assumptions we make that can become self-fulfilling prophecies.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes can become self-fulfilling prophecies because our assumptions about a person based on their group membership can influence our behavior towards them, and in turn, influence their behavior towards us. This can create a cycle of behavior that reinforces the stereotype.

Question 4

According to Durkheim,when a society increases in size,its division of labor becomes more specialized. People begin to depend upon one another and become interdependent. This form of social cohesion was a concept that he termed ________.
A)Gemeinschaft
B)organic solidarity
C)mechanical solidarity
D)Gesellschaft

Accepted Answer

Durkheim used the term organic solidarity to describe the social cohesion that develops in larger societies with specialized division of labor. This type of solidarity is based on interdependence among individuals in different social roles and occupations, rather than on shared values and common collective consciousness (mechanical solidarity) found in smaller, traditional societies (Gemeinschaft). Gesellschaft refers to a type of society characterized by impersonal, formal relationships and individualistic values.

Question 5

Karl lives in an area with low rainfall. Based on this,it is very likely that he is part of a ______ society.
A)horticultural
B)biotech
C)pastoral
D)symbolic

Accepted Answer

A pastoral society is one that is characterized by the raising and herding of animals as the primary means of subsistence. In areas with low rainfall, it may be difficult to cultivate crops, so raising animals may be a more viable option. Therefore, it is likely that Karl is part of a pastoral society. The other options, horticultural, biotech, and symbolic, are not necessarily related to rainfall and do not provide as strong a connection to Karl's situation.

Question 6

The social institution that is most recognized for allocating power,determining authority,and preventing chaos is ________.
A)the military
B)politics
C)law
D)education

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed play a role in allocating power and preventing chaos to some extent, it is politics that is primarily responsible for determining authority at the societal level. Politics involves the establishment and management of governments, which have the power to make and enforce laws, regulate commerce, and provide services to citizens. Without this social institution, there would be no central authority to ensure order and stability within a society.

Question 7

Facial expressions,posture,and gestures are all examples of ________.
A)body language
B)personal images
C)interpretations
D)role performance

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions, posture, and gestures are all forms of nonverbal communication which fall under the category of body language. Personal images refers to one's physical appearance and style choices, while interpretations and role performance are not directly related to physical communication cues.

Question 8

As societies grow larger,they divide work among members based on a characteristic such as interest or ability. This is referred to as ________.
A)social solidarity
B)social imperative
C)division of labor
D)class structure

Accepted Answer

The term "division of labor" refers to the separation of tasks and responsibilities among members of a society or organization based on specific characteristics such as skills, interests, or abilities. As societies become more complex and specialized, the division of labor becomes increasingly important for the efficient functioning of the group.

Question 9

Based on Durkheim's classification of society,the Old Order Amish would fall into which category?
A)mechanical solidarity
B)organic solidarity
C)Gemeinschaft
D)Gesellschaft

Accepted Answer

The Old Order Amish would fall into the category of mechanical solidarity based on Durkheim's classification of society. Mechanical solidarity refers to a social structure in which individuals are united by shared values, beliefs, and customs. The Amish community is characterized by strong adherence to tradition, strict religious beliefs, and a simple way of life that emphasizes hard work, family, and community. This shared way of life creates a sense of solidarity and cohesion within the community, which is an example of mechanical solidarity.

Question 10

The organized,usual,or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs are referred to as ________.
A)social institutions
B)social imperatives
C)social aggregates
D)social solidarity

Accepted Answer

Social institutions refer to the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs. The other options do not accurately describe this concept. Social imperatives refer to actions that are deemed necessary by society, social aggregates refer to collections of people who may or may not have any social interaction or shared identity, and social solidarity refers to the unity and cohesion of a society.

Question 11

The anthropologist recognized for his work on personal space was ________.
A)Talcott Parsons
B)Edward Hall
C)William I. Thomas
D)Robert K. Merton

Accepted Answer

Edward Hall is widely recognized for his research on personal space, which he defined as the invisible, variable volume of space surrounding an individual that defines that individual's preferred distance from others. Talcott Parsons, William I. Thomas, and Robert K. Merton are all well-known sociologists, but their work is not closely associated with personal space.

Question 12

Mechanical solidarity is to Gemeinschaft as ________ solidarity is to Gesellschaft.
A)organic
B)tribal
C)folk
D)natural

Accepted Answer

Mechanical solidarity is characteristic of Gemeinschaft, which is a small, traditional community where social ties are based on similarities and a shared sense of belonging. Organic solidarity, on the other hand, is characteristic of Gesellschaft, which is a larger, more complex society where social ties are based on interdependence and specialized roles. Therefore, the best choice to complete the analogy is A, as organic solidarity is the opposite of mechanical solidarity in the context of this comparison.

Question 13

Jackie enjoys having her boyfriend Seth hold her close when they are watching television. She appreciates it when Professor Jones maintains a distance of at least two feet from her while he assists her with her tutoring. In view of this,which statement applies to the relationships that Jackie shares with Seth and with her professor?
A)Seth is enjoying intimate distance and the professor is at public distance.
B)Seth is enjoying social distance and the professor is at public distance.
C)Seth is enjoying intimate distance and the professor is at personal distance.
D)Seth is enjoying social distance and the professor is at personal distance.

Accepted Answer

Intimate distance is between 0-1.5 feet, personal distance is from 1.5-4 feet, and social distance is from 4-12 feet. Based on the description, Jackie enjoys intimate distance with Seth and personal distance with Professor Jones. Therefore, option C is the correct choice.

Question 14

Leo,Ryan,and Matthew regularly interact with one another and share similar values,norms,and expectations. In view of this,which concept MOST applies to their relationship?
A)They are an aggregate.
B)They are a category.
C)They are a group.
D)They are a social institution.

Accepted Answer

Leo, Ryan, and Matthew's regular interactions and shared values, norms, and expectations suggest that they are a group. A group is a collection of individuals who have regular interaction, shared values and norms, and a sense of unity or mutual interests.

Question 15

In what three states do 75 percent of the Old Order Amish live?
A)Pennsylvania,Ohio,Indiana
B)Kentucky,Tennessee,West Virginia
C)Illinois,Michigan,Wisconsin
D)Virginia,North Carolina,Georgia

Accepted Answer

According to the Young Center for Anabaptist and Pietist Studies at Elizabethtown College, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana are home to 75 percent of the Old Order Amish population in the United States.

Question 16

What must be true for division of labor to develop?
A)Basic survival needs must be met.
B)People must live in a biotech society.
C)People must adhere to societal mandates.
D)Symbolic needs must be established.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What must be true for division of...

Question 17

Ferdinand Tönnies's term for the type of society he referred to as the "intimate community" was ________. The term he used to describe the type of society characterized by "impersonal association" was ________.
A)mechanical society; organic society
B)Gesellschaft; Gemeinschaft
C)organic society; mechanical society
D)Gemeinschaft; Gesellschaft

Accepted Answer

Ferdinand Tönnies used the term "Gemeinschaft" to describe the type of society characterized by an "intimate community", and the term "Gesellschaft" to describe the type of society characterized by "impersonal association". Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Question 18

Which of the following groups is LEAST qualified as a social institution?
A)a neighborhood street gang
B)a family
C)a religious group
D)a military unit

Accepted Answer

A neighborhood street gang is not a formally recognized social institution and does not have a legitimate function within society. It is instead a group that engages in illegal and often harmful activities. The other options listed (family, religious group, military unit) are all recognized social institutions with established roles and functions in society.

Question 19

Hilda is studying at the library. She has placed her coat on the chair next to her and has spread books in front of the other chairs. Hilda is trying to extend her ________ so others do not invade it.
A)intimate space
B)personal space
C)social space
D)public space

Accepted Answer

Hilda is extending her personal space by placing her coat and books on the chairs next to her. Personal space is the region around a person which they regard as their own territory. Intimate space refers to the very close proximity to a person that is reserved only for highly personal communications such as embracing or whispering; social space refers to the area that people maintain between each other during interactions that are considered more formal or professional; public space refers to the space used by the community at large such as streets and parks.

Question 20

Which of the following societies has the LEAST social inequality?
A)biotech
B)pastoral and horticultural
C)postindustrial
D)hunting and gathering

Accepted Answer

Hunting and gathering societies typically have the least social inequality as they are often egalitarian, meaning that there is little to no distinction between individuals in terms of social status or power. In contrast, biotech, pastoral and horticultural, and postindustrial societies have greater levels of social inequality due to factors such as the division of labor, economic disparities, and social stratification.

Quiz 4: Social Structure and Social Interaction

What term does Durkheim use to describe the degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds?

Scholars who would argue that the members of society united by shared values hold society together would be most aligned with the ________ theory.

Which of the following statements BEST describes how stereotypes affect our interaction with others when we first meet?

According to Durkheim,when a society increases in size,its division of labor becomes more specialized. People begin to depend upon one another and become interdependent. This form of social cohesion was a concept that he termed ________.

Karl lives in an area with low rainfall. Based on this,it is very likely that he is part of a ______ society.

The social institution that is most recognized for allocating power,determining authority,and preventing chaos is ________.

Facial expressions,posture,and gestures are all examples of ________.

As societies grow larger,they divide work among members based on a characteristic such as interest or ability. This is referred to as ________.

Based on Durkheim's classification of society,the Old Order Amish would fall into which category?

The organized,usual,or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs are referred to as ________.

The anthropologist recognized for his work on personal space was ________.

Mechanical solidarity is to Gemeinschaft as ________ solidarity is to Gesellschaft.

Leo,Ryan,and Matthew regularly interact with one another and share similar values,norms,and expectations. In view of this,which concept MOST applies to their relationship?

In what three states do 75 percent of the Old Order Amish live?

What must be true for division of labor to develop?

Ferdinand Tönnies's term for the type of society he referred to as the "intimate community" was . The term he used to describe the type of society characterized by "impersonal association" was .

Which of the following groups is LEAST qualified as a social institution?

Hilda is studying at the library. She has placed her coat on the chair next to her and has spread books in front of the other chairs. Hilda is trying to extend her ________ so others do not invade it.

Which of the following societies has the LEAST social inequality?