Spines, Flowers, and a Waxy Stem Coating Are All Adaptations

Spines, flowers, and a waxy stem coating are all adaptations of cacti because

A) these traits increase the fitness of cacti and arose as a result of natural selection for their current function.
B) these traits arose prior to the diversification of cacti and perform different functions in different cactus species.
C) they develop when the climate is dry, making the cacti a better fit to the environment.
D) they arose by chance and do not provide any benefit to the individuals that have these traits.