Question 1

Draw the structure of calcium oleate. Would this substance be soluble or insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

insoluble in water $$\left[ \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \right) _ { 7 } \mathrm { CH } = \mathrm { CH } \left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \right) _ { 7} \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } \right] _ { 2 } \mathrm { Ca } ^ { 2 + }$$

Question 2

Instructions: Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Match each of the given terms...

Question 3

Which of the following would be expected to be found in higher concentration in butter versus olive oil? A) CH₃(CH₂)₁₂CO₂H B) CH₃(CH₂)₇CHCH(CH₂)₇CO₂H C) CH₃(CH₂)₄(CHCHCH₂)₂(CH₂)₆CO₂H D) CH₃(CH₂)₄(CHCHCH₂)₄(CH₂)₂CO₂H

Accepted Answer

Option A represents a saturated fatty acid, which is typically found in higher concentrations in butter compared to olive oil, which is richer in unsaturated fats.

Question 4

When soaps disperse in water, the long hydrocarbon tails cluster together in a hydrophobic ball, while the ionic heads on the surface of the cluster stick out into the water. These spherical clusters are called:
A) fatty acid esters
B) triacylglycerols
C) lipid bilayers
D) micelles

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the definition of micelles, which are formed by the aggregation of amphipathic molecules such as soaps, where the hydrophobic tails are sequestered in the center of the structure and the hydrophilic heads face the aqueous environment. Fatty acid esters and triacylglycerols are types of lipids, and lipid bilayers are formed by the stacking of two layers of amphipathic molecules.

Question 5

The bond between the nitrogenous base and the sugar in a nucleoside is a glycosidic bond. Which type of reagent should cleave this bond?
A) acid
B) base
C) acid or base
D) neither acid nor base
E) It depends on which nitrogenous base and which sugar are present.

Accepted Answer

A glycosidic bond involves a linkage between a sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base. Since this bond involves a sugar, it can be hydrolyzed by an acid. Therefore, an acid would be the best choice to cleave this type of bond.

Question 6

Write the saponification reaction of glyceryl distearate monooleate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write the saponification reaction of glyceryl distearate...

Question 7

Consider the following structure.  a) Circle my nucleoside.
b) Draw a box around any nurleatide
c) Identify as DNA GI RNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the following structure.  a) Circle...

Question 8

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?
A) lauric acid
B) myristic acid
C) palmitic acid
D) stearic acid

Accepted Answer

Stearic acid has the highest melting point among the given fatty acids because it has the longest carbon chain (18 carbons) and is fully saturated, resulting in a tightly packed, solid structure at room temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following processes is used to harden an oil to give a fat?
A) oxidation
B) hydrogenation
C) hydrolysis
D) hydration

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats to make them more saturated and solid at room temperature. This process is used to harden oils and give them a more spreadable consistency, resulting in the creation of fats.

Question 10

The major lipid components of cell membranes are:
A) sphingolipids
B) fatty acids
C) phosphoglycerides
D) terpenoids

Accepted Answer

Phosphoglycerides are the major lipid components of cell membranes, as they form the phospholipid bilayer. Sphingolipids are also present in smaller amounts, but they do not make up the majority of the membrane lipids. Fatty acids are a component of phosphoglycerides, but on their own, they do not form the structure of the membrane. Terpenoids are not major lipid components of cell membranes.

Question 11

Chemically, these are triacylglycerols, triesters of glycerol with three long-chain carboxylic acids.
A) waxes
B) fats and oils
C) fatty acids
D) soaps

Accepted Answer

Triacylglycerols are commonly known as fats and oils, which are composed of glycerol and three long-chain fatty acids.

Question 12

Which of the following is not true about cholesterol?
A) a steroid
B) a precursor for other steroids
C) produced from lanosterol
D) geometry allows for ring-flips
E) all of these are true

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol does not allow for ring-flips due to its rigid structure.

Question 13

How many constitutional isomers could be written for glyceryl monolaurate monomyristate monosterate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many constitutional isomers could be written...

Question 14

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?
A) lauric acid
B) oleic acid
C) linoleic acid
D) linolenic acid

Accepted Answer

Lauric acid has a higher melting point than the other fatty acids listed because it is a saturated fatty acid with a longer carbon chain, which results in stronger intermolecular forces and a closer packing of molecules in the solid state. Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid are unsaturated fatty acids, meaning they have one or more double bonds in their carbon chains, which results in a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids.

Question 15

Which of the following characterizes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
A) produces multiple copies of DNA segments
B) requires small amount of the source DNA
C) the key to the process is a thermally stable enzyme
D) involves temperature cycling
E) all of these

Accepted Answer

All of the options characterize the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR produces multiple copies of DNA segments, requires a small amount of the source DNA, the key to the process is a thermostable enzyme, and involves temperature cycling.

Question 16

Cell membranes, which form an effective barrier to the passage of ions and other components into and out of the cell, are:
A) fatty acid esters
B) tricacylglycerols
C) lipid bilayers
D) micelles

Accepted Answer

Cell membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer, which consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged so that their hydrophobic tails face inward and their hydrophilic heads face outward. This structure provides an effective barrier to the passage of ions and other components into and out of the cell. Fatty acid esters and tricacylglycerols do not form the same type of structure as a lipid bilayer, and micelles are only a single layer of lipid molecules.

Question 17

Draw the structure of glyceryl trimyristate and compare its melting point to that of glyceryl tristearate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the structure of glyceryl trimyristate and...

Question 18

Instructions: Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below.  androsterone
Draw major product(s):

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Draw the structures of the major...

Question 19

Which of the following would function in a regulatory capacity?
A) aldosterone
B) androsterone
C) norethindrone
D) estradiol

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that functions in regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure in the body. It acts in a regulatory capacity in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Androsterone, norethindrone, and estradiol are hormones that have other functions, such as androgenic or estrogenic effects.

Question 20

Instructions: Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below.  androsterone
Draw major product(s):

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Draw the structures of the major...

Quiz 16: Biomolecules: Lipids and Nucleic Acids

Draw the structure of calcium oleate. Would this substance be soluble or insoluble in water?

Instructions: Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once.

Which of the following would be expected to be found in higher concentration in butter versus olive oil?

When soaps disperse in water, the long hydrocarbon tails cluster together in a hydrophobic ball, while the ionic heads on the surface of the cluster stick out into the water. These spherical clusters are called:

The bond between the nitrogenous base and the sugar in a nucleoside is a glycosidic bond. Which type of reagent should cleave this bond?

Write the saponification reaction of glyceryl distearate monooleate.

Consider the following structure. a) Circle my nucleoside. b) Draw a box around any nurleatide c) Identify as DNA GI RNA.

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?

Which of the following processes is used to harden an oil to give a fat?

The major lipid components of cell membranes are:

Chemically, these are triacylglycerols, triesters of glycerol with three long-chain carboxylic acids.

Which of the following is not true about cholesterol?

How many constitutional isomers could be written for glyceryl monolaurate monomyristate monosterate?

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?

Which of the following characterizes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ?

Cell membranes, which form an effective barrier to the passage of ions and other components into and out of the cell, are:

Draw the structure of glyceryl trimyristate and compare its melting point to that of glyceryl tristearate.

Instructions: Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below. androsterone Draw major product(s):

Which of the following would function in a regulatory capacity?

Instructions: Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below. androsterone Draw major product(s):