Question 1

As compared with long-term memory, short-term memory is ________ permanent and ________ limited in storage capacity.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Which measure of memory did Ebbinghaus use to assess the impact of rehearsal on the retention of nonsense syllables?

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus used the measure of relearning to assess the impact of rehearsal on the retention of nonsense syllables. Relearning involves measuring the amount of time it takes to learn previously studied material again. Through this measure, Ebbinghaus found that the more times he rehearsed the nonsense syllables, the less time it took him to relearn them. This suggested that rehearsal had a positive impact on retention.

Question 3

Memory is best defined as

Accepted Answer

Memory refers to the ability to store and retrieve information over time. This definition encompasses the persistence of learning (i.e., information that has been acquired and stored) and the process of storage and retrieval. It is not limited to conscious encoding or semantic encoding, and it does not require that information be retrieved in exactly the same form as it was encoded.

Question 4

Which measure of memory retention is used by fill-in-the-blank test questions?

Accepted Answer

Fill-in-the-blank tests require the recall of specific information from memory, making the measure of memory retention used in these tests recall.

Question 5

Automatic processing and effortful processing refer to two types of

Accepted Answer

Automatic processing and effortful processing are two types of encoding. Automatic processing requires little to no conscious effort, while effortful processing requires more attention and conscious effort.

Question 6

To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is also known as working memory, which involves the active processing of information for a short period of time. Iconic memory refers to sensory memory for visual information, flashbulb memory is a type of long-term memory associated with emotionally significant events, and implicit memory refers to non-conscious memory for skills and habits.

Question 7

Which pioneering researcher made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?

Accepted Answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory. He used lists of randomly generated three-letter combinations, such as "VEK" or "XOF," which had no pre-existing meaning, making it easier to study how they were memorized and forgotten.

Question 8

Forming conscious mental images of the location of your bedroom door requires

Accepted Answer

Forming conscious mental images of the location of your bedroom door requires working memory, which allows for the temporary storage and manipulation of information related to the spatial layout of the environment. Imagination inflation, shallow processing, and echoic memory are not directly related to this task.

Question 9

After learning the web address of a local retail store, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to post it in his frequent contacts file. In this case, the web address was clearly stored in his ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is responsible for holding information in our consciousness for a brief period of time, typically just a few seconds or minutes. When Alex remembered the web address long enough to save it in his frequent contacts file, it was likely held in his short-term memory.

Question 10

The process of retrieval refers to

Accepted Answer

Retrieval refers to the process of getting information out of memory storage. It involves accessing and recalling previously learned information.

Question 11

An eyewitness to a bank robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being used?

Accepted Answer

Recognition involves identifying previously learned information from a list of options, which is exactly what the eyewitness is doing in the police lineup. Recall involves retrieving information without any cues or options provided, relearning involves relearning information that was previously learned but forgotten, and reconstruction involves piecing together information that may be incomplete or distorted.

Question 12

Effortful processing is encoding that requires

Accepted Answer

Effortful processing requires conscious attention, meaning that one must deliberately focus on and actively attempt to encode the information. Implicit memory, visual imagery, and flashbulb memory are not necessarily required for effortful processing.

Question 13

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is the relatively permanent storehouse of the memory system that has an unlimited capacity to store information over long periods of time. Sensory memory is a brief and immediate initial recording of sensory information in the memory system, whereas flashbulb memory refers to the exceptionally vivid and detailed recollection of a significant and emotional event. Implicit memory is a type of long-term memory that involves unconscious retention of skills and habits.

Question 14

Three basic measures of memory retention are

Accepted Answer

Priming, chunking, and rehearsing are methods of learning and remembering information, but they are not measures of memory retention. Encoding, storage, and retrieval are stages of memory, but they are not measures of memory retention. Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory are types of memory, but they are not measures of memory retention. Recall, recognition, and relearning are measures of memory retention because they assess the ability to retrieve information from memory. Recall involves reproducing information without any cues, recognition involves identifying information when presented with cues, and relearning involves learning previously learned information faster the second time around.

Question 15

Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus' retention curve examines how much information is retained over time after initial learning. One of the factors that can affect retention is rehearsal, or the repetition of information to help consolidate it into long-term memory. Therefore, choice C (rehearsal) is the best answer option.

Question 16

Which measure of memory retention assesses the ability to identify which items of currently presented information one had previously learned?

Accepted Answer

Recognition is the measure of memory retention that assesses the ability to identify which items of currently presented information one had previously learned. Recall is the measure of memory retention that assesses the ability to retrieve information not currently present. Rehearsal refers to the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about information to aid in encoding it into long-term memory. Relearning measures the amount of time saved when relearning previously learned information.

Question 17

Which of the following types of memory is of shortest duration?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the shortest duration memory that only lasts a few seconds. It provides a brief sensory impression that the brain uses to create a perception of reality.

Question 18

The process of getting information into memory is called

Accepted Answer

The process of getting information into memory is called encoding. This refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Question 19

Memory acquisition is to memory retention as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Memory acquisition refers to the process of encoding information into memory, while memory retention refers to the process of storing information in memory over time. Encoding and storage are the equivalent processes in long-term memory, making choice D the correct answer.

Question 20

The importance of parallel processing is emphasized by a model of memory known as

Accepted Answer

The model of memory known as connectionism emphasizes the importance of parallel processing. In this model, information is processed simultaneously across multiple nodes of a network, rather than serially through a single processing unit. This allows for faster and more efficient processing of information. LTP (long-term potentiation) refers to the process by which synaptic connections between neurons are strengthened, and is not directly related to parallel processing. Imagination inflation and the peg-word system are mnemonic techniques used to aid memory, but are not directly related to parallel processing.

Quiz 8: Memory

As compared with long-term memory, short-term memory is permanent and limited in storage capacity.