Question 1

Erik Erikson maintained that the two basic aspects of life that dominate adulthood are

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that intimacy and generativity are the two main aspects of adulthood. Intimacy involves forming close relationships, while generativity refers to a person's desire to leave a positive legacy and contribute to society. These two aspects are seen as critical in developing a sense of purpose and satisfaction in adulthood.

Question 2

In explaining monogamous pair-bonding among humans, it has been suggested that parents who cooperated to nurture their children to maturity were more likely to have their genes passed along to posterity. This best illustrates a(n) _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The explanation suggests that the idea of monogamous pair-bonding is related to the passing along of genes, which is a key concept in evolutionary psychology.

Question 3

Dr. Anders is a 45-year-old physician who experiences a sense of personal fulfillment in contributing to the well-being of others through her medical practice. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Dr. Anders experiences

Accepted Answer

Dr. Anders' sense of personal fulfillment in contributing to the well-being of others suggests a strong desire to make a positive impact on the world, which is a characteristic of generativity, as proposed by Erik Erikson. Generativity is the desire to nurture and guide the next generation, and to contribute to the welfare of society as a whole. The other options do not fit Dr. Anders' situation - concrete operations refers to cognitive development in children, postconventional morality refers to moral reasoning in adults, and object permanence refers to cognitive development in infants.

Question 4

According to Erikson, engaging in productive work that contributes to the world provides adults with a sense of

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that adults who engage in productive work that contributes to the world experience a sense of generativity, which is a feeling of fulfillment from successfully guiding the next generation and making meaningful contributions to society. Object permanence, conventional morality, and conservation are concepts from earlier stages of development in Erikson's theory.

Question 5

A longitudinal study is one in which

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal study is one in which the same group of people is followed and tested over a long period of time to track changes in behavior or development.

Question 6

Jason met Rebecca during an out-of-state business trip following a minor accident in which their cars collided. Ironically, their encounter led to a relationship that resulted in marriage. This best illustrates that the directions in which our lives develop are influenced by

Accepted Answer

The fact that Jason and Rebecca met through a chance event (a minor car accident) and ended up developing a relationship and getting married illustrates that chance events can have a significant influence on the directions in which our lives develop.

Question 7

Kathryn and Rafael's third and last child is leaving home for college next year. Their empty nest is likely to be a(n) ________ place.

Accepted Answer

An empty nest is typically associated with happiness and the feeling of accomplishment as parents see their children successfully leave home and move on to the next stage of their lives.

Question 8

Compared with non-cohabiting couples, which of the following is true of couples who live together before marriage?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that couples who cohabit before marriage are initially less committed to the ideal of an enduring marriage and may become less marriage-supportive over time, possibly due to the lack of formal commitment and the challenges of cohabitation.

Question 9

Compared with younger adults, older adults are ________ attentive to positive news and they have ________ problems in their social relationships.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with younger adults, older adults are...

Question 10

Emotional instability has been found to be

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emotional instability has been found to be
...

Question 11

Marriage bonds are especially likely to endure when members of a couple

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that marriages where there are more positive interactions than negative interactions are more likely to last. Positive interactions can include things like expressing affection, showing appreciation, and providing support, while negative interactions can include things like criticism, defensiveness, and contempt. Focusing on building a strong, positive connection with one's partner is an important factor in the long-term success of a marriage.

Question 12

Rising divorce rates over the past 50 years are partly a consequence of

Accepted Answer

The increasing marital expectations and the increasing economic independence of women have led to rising divorce rates. Women are now less economically dependent on their spouses, and they have higher expectations of their marriages, which can lead to divorce if those expectations are not met.

Question 13

Research on people's feelings of satisfaction with their lives indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that older adults, particularly those over 65, are not notably unhappy, and may in fact report higher levels of life satisfaction and well-being compared to younger adults. While there may be some variation among different age groups, the evidence suggests that older adults generally experience positive emotions, a sense of purpose and meaning, and strong social connections that contribute to their overall life satisfaction. Moreover, older adults may have greater resilience and coping skills, which can help them navigate challenges and setbacks with greater ease.

Question 14

Compared with young adults, the amygdala in older adults shows

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with young adults, the amygdala in...

Question 15

The accelerated loss of cognitive abilities in the last years of life is called

Accepted Answer

Terminal decline refers to the accelerated loss of cognitive abilities in the last years of life, including memory, processing speed, and general intellectual functioning. Role confusion refers to a stage of identity development in adolescence, autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt over time.

Question 16

Adults are ________ likely to divorce in their early forties than in their early twenties. They are ________ likely to commit suicide in their early forties than in their early seventies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adults are ________ likely to divorce in...

Question 17

The term social clock refers to

Accepted Answer

The term social clock refers to the culturally preferred time to leave home, marry, have children, and retire. It is a set of norms that define the "right" time for major life events, as determined by the society in which a person lives. It can differ across cultures and may change over time.

Question 18

Tonya asks people of different ages to complete a measure of life satisfaction. She then looks for life satisfaction differences across different age levels. Tonya is conducting a ________ study.

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study compares groups of people at different points in time, but it does not follow the same individuals over time (as in a longitudinal study). In this scenario, Tonya is gathering data from different age groups at the same point in time to compare their life satisfaction levels, making it a cross-sectional study. The terms preoperational and concrete operational refer to stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development and are not relevant to the study.

Question 19

Compared with their counterparts of 50 years ago, people in Western countries are marrying at a(n)

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people in Western countries are marrying at an older age compared to 50 years ago. However, studies have also found that marital satisfaction has decreased over time. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 20

To compare moral reasoning skills of younger and older children, Professor Hauten tested and retested a group of children from the time they were 4 until they reached the age of 12. The professor conducted a ________ study.

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal study is a research design that involves following a group of individuals over an extended period of time and repeatedly measuring certain variables. In this case, the researcher followed the same group of children over a span of several years and tested their moral reasoning skills at different points in time, which is indicative of a longitudinal study. Options B and C (concrete operational and preconventional) refer to specific developmental stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development and are not relevant in this context. Option D (cross-sectional) involves comparing different groups of individuals at a single point in time, which is not what the researcher did in this study.

Quiz 4: Developing Through the Life Span