Question 1

One plausible theory suggests that hypnotic pain relief may result from

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is a plausible theory as it suggests that hypnosis may work by allowing individuals to focus their attention on something other than the pain, which in turn can decrease the perception of pain. This theory is supported by research showing that people who are highly suggestible to hypnosis are more likely to experience pain relief through hypnosis. The other options (B, C, and D) are not supported by evidence and do not provide a plausible explanation for hypnotic pain relief.

Question 2

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach takes into consideration the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to a phenomenon, which is applicable in understanding hypnosis given the involvement of brain activity, cognitive processes, and social context. Wish-fulfillment and neuroadaptation do not account for the complex interplay of these factors. Neural activation is too narrow to encompass the larger picture of hypnosis.

Question 3

A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called

Accepted Answer

Dissociation involves a split in consciousness where some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep. Paradoxical sleep is another term for REM sleep. Posthypnotic suggestion is a phenomenon where a person responds to a suggestion after being hypnotized, but it does not involve a split in consciousness.

Question 4

If highly hypnotizable people are no better than others at simultaneously reading a book and listening to music, this would most clearly challenge

Accepted Answer

Dissociation theory suggests that highly hypnotizable individuals can greatly reduce the amount of attention they pay to a task or stimulus, allowing them to focus more intently on the hypnotic suggestion. If these individuals are not better at multitasking than others, it suggests that their attentional abilities are not fundamentally different during hypnosis, challenging the dissociation theory. The other answer choices are not directly related to multitasking abilities.

Question 5

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized...

Question 6

Drug use is considered a disorder when a person

Accepted Answer

All of these conditions are typical of a substance use disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Craving the substance suggests a physical addiction, continuing use despite social problems indicates a lack of control, and continuing use despite hazards shows a disregard for personal safety.

Question 7

Which of the following has helped alleviate headaches, asthma, and stress-related disorders?

Accepted Answer

Posthypnotic suggestion has been used in clinical settings to help alleviate headaches, asthma, and stress-related disorders by suggesting relaxation and positive imagery during the hypnotic trance, which can then be reinforced in waking life. Sleep paralysis, the cocktail party effect, and the pop-out phenomenon have no direct relationship with these specific health issues.

Question 8

Arlette often consumes up to six cocktails in a row before she experiences any noticeable symptoms of intoxication. This suggests that Arlette has developed

Accepted Answer

Tolerance is the ability to withstand a larger dose of a substance without experiencing the usual effects. Arlette's ability to consume six cocktails without noticeable symptoms suggests that she has developed a tolerance to alcohol.

Question 9

Orne and Evans discovered that unhypnotized research participants asked to pretend they were hypnotized performed the same dangerous acts as hypnotized research participants. This finding is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

Accepted Answer

This finding supports the theory that hypnosis involves conscious role playing, as both hypnotized and non-hypnotized participants acted similarly, suggesting that the behavior was due to social expectations or role enactment rather than an altered state of consciousness.

Question 10

Which of the following occurs in a person with substance use disorder?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with substance use disorder often continue using the substance despite knowing the physical risks involved.

Question 11

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of

Accepted Answer

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes supports the theory that hypnosis is primarily influenced by social factors, such as suggestion and the expectations of the hypnotized individual, rather than a unique altered state of consciousness.

Question 12

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

Accepted Answer

Psychoactive drugs are substances that affect the central nervous system, altering perceptions, mood, and behavior. They can be divided into several categories, such as stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids. Common examples include alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin.

Question 13

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis receives support from evidence that

Accepted Answer

The divided-consciousness theory suggests that hypnosis involves a split in consciousness, allowing individuals to dissociate from certain sensations, such as pain, and endure it without emotional distress.

Question 14

Suppose that unhypnotized adults who are encouraged to behave like children act just as genuinely childlike as hypnotized adults who are encouraged to act in a childlike manner. This fact would most clearly support

Accepted Answer

This fact would support social influence theory, which suggests that people's behavior is influenced by the social situation they are in and the expectations placed on them, even if they are not actually hypnotized. The fact that unhypnotized adults can act just as childlike as hypnotized adults shows that social influence plays a significant role in behavior.

Question 15

The claim that hypnotic phenomena occur outside our normal awareness is associated with the theory that hypnosis involves

Accepted Answer

The claim that hypnotic phenomena occur outside our normal awareness is associated with the theory of dissociation, which suggests that hypnosis involves a splitting of consciousness into different components or levels of awareness.

Question 16

The repeated self-harming consumption of a psychoactive drug is an indication of

Accepted Answer

The repeated self-harming consumption of a psychoactive drug is an indication of a substance use disorder. This is because the person is exhibiting harmful use of a drug, which can lead to physical, psychological, or social problems.

Question 17

Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of

Accepted Answer

The therapist was attempting to make use of posthypnotic suggestion, which refers to a hypnotist giving a suggestion to a person under hypnosis to be carried out after the hypnosis session has ended. In this case, the suggestion was to feel nauseous when reaching for a cigarette.

Question 18

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

Accepted Answer

Tolerance is defined as the decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of repeated drug use. This means that as a person takes a drug more frequently, they will need higher and higher doses to experience the same effects as before.

Question 19

People can be hypnotically induced to

Accepted Answer

The answer of People can be hypnotically induced to
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Question 20

Which theory suggests that hypnosis involves inducing someone to enact the role of a hypnotic subject?

Accepted Answer

Social influence theory suggests that hypnosis is a result of the hypnotized person complying with the perceived expectations of the hypnotist and enacting the role of a hypnotic subject. This theory emphasizes the importance of social influence and the power of suggestion rather than altered states of consciousness or neurological changes.

Quiz 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind