Question 1

After Anika learned that her history professor had suffered an anxiety disorder,she concluded that the professor's tendency to talk loudly was simply a way of disguising feelings of personal insecurity.This best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

Anika's conclusion shows how diagnostic labels can bias our perceptions and lead us to make assumptions about a person's behavior based on their diagnosis, rather than considering other possible explanations.

Question 2

Field trials assessing clinician agreement when using the new DSM-5 categories indicate that diagnoses of adult posttraumatic stress disorder fared ________ and diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder fared ________.

Accepted Answer

Field trials for the DSM-5 showed that the diagnostic criteria for adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were reliable and had good clinician agreement, indicating they fared well. However, the criteria for antisocial personality disorder had lower clinician agreement, indicating they fared poorly.

Question 3

The ________ aims to bring "the power of modern research approaches in genetics,neuroscience,and behavioral science" to the study of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

The Research Domain Criteria project is specifically designed to incorporate modern research approaches in genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science in the study of psychological disorders. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the American Psychological Association’s Publication Manual are both resources for clinicians and researchers to guide diagnosis and research methods, but they do not have a focus on incorporating advanced research techniques. The World Health Organization does provide guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, but again, it does not focus on incorporating modern research approaches.

Question 4

Individuals are most likely to be diagnosed with ADHD between the ages of

Accepted Answer

ADHD is commonly diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, with symptoms appearing before the age of 12 in most cases. Therefore, the age range of 4 to 17 is the most likely period for an ADHD diagnosis. While ADHD can also be diagnosed in adulthood, it is less common and often involves different symptoms and challenges than those seen in childhood-onset ADHD.

Question 5

Lee has trouble falling asleep almost every night.As a result,he is unable to perform well at work,and so has lost his job.Based on this criterion,he may be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Insomnia disorder is characterized by difficulty in falling or staying asleep on a regular basis, leading to daily impairment in functioning, such as difficulty at work. Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance, and hyperarousal, and is typically related to a traumatic event. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry and anxiety about everyday events or activities. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and social norms, and is typically diagnosed in individuals aged 18 years or older who have a history of conduct disorder before the age of 15. None of the symptoms mentioned for these disorders match Lee's symptoms, so the best choice is A- Insomnia disorder.

Question 6

One diagnostic change introduced by the DSM-5 is that prolonged grief following a loved one's death can now be diagnosed as

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 introduced a new diagnostic category called "persistent complex bereavement disorder" for individuals who experience prolonged and severe grief after the loss of a loved one. This disorder is classified as a type of depressive disorder.

Question 7

Which of the following is FALSE about ADHD?

Accepted Answer

The statement "More adults are given the diagnosis of ADHD than children" is false. ADHD is primarily diagnosed in children and often persists into adulthood. While ADHD can certainly be diagnosed in adults, it is less common than in children.

Question 8

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic.Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Matt's behavior of restlessness and interference with ongoing activities in response to outside traffic suggests symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Matt's behavior appears to match the symptoms of hyperactivity as he jumps out of his seat without any apparent reason.

Question 9

The people most likely to be diagnosed with ADHD are

Accepted Answer

ADHD is typically diagnosed in childhood, with symptoms appearing as early as preschool. While some individuals may continue to experience symptoms into adulthood, the majority of diagnoses are made in childhood or adolescence.

Question 10

If individuals expect someone labeled as mentally ill to be hostile,they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility.This illustrates that labels can

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the self-fulfilling nature of labels, where the expectations or stereotypes associated with a label influence how individuals are treated and how they behave in response, ultimately confirming the initial labels. This phenomenon can have negative consequences, as in the case of stigmatizing labels applied to mental illness.

Question 11

The diagnostic labels provided by the DSM-5 help mental health professionals to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The diagnostic labels provided by the DSM-5 do not necessarily predict who is susceptible to a psychological disorder. The labels are based on observable symptoms and behaviors, but they do not account for underlying factors or individual differences that may contribute to the development of a disorder. Therefore, the DSM-5 is not a reliable tool for predicting who may develop a psychological disorder.

Question 12

ADHD is most clearly characterized by

Accepted Answer

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Distractibility is a key feature of the inattention component of ADHD. Delusions, hallucinations, and violent behavior are not typically associated with ADHD.

Question 13

Researchers have identified ________ as a possible cause of ADHD.

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that genetics plays a significant role in the development of ADHD. While environmental factors may also contribute to ADHD symptoms, research has shown that there is a strong genetic component to the disorder.

Question 14

Which of the following disorders was added in the revisions that led to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Hoarding disorder was added as a distinct disorder in the DSM-5. Previously, it was considered a subtype or symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in earlier editions of the DSM.

Question 15

The ________ established the RDoC as an approach to the classification of psychological disorders that will complement the DSM-5.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health established the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach to the classification of psychological disorders as an alternative to the DSM-5.

Question 16

In a study by David Rosenhan,researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices." This study best illustrated the negative effects of

Accepted Answer

The study by David Rosenhan showed the negative effects of diagnostic labels, as the researchers were labeled as mentally ill and admitted to mental hospitals despite not actually having any mental illness.

Question 17

In the DSM-5,a condition formerly known as mental retardation is now labeled

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 replaced the term "mental retardation" with "intellectual disability" as it was found to be stigmatizing and outdated. The new term emphasizes the individual's difficulty with intellectual functioning instead of focusing on their limitations or shortcomings.

Question 18

There is controversy over whether energetic children who have difficulty sitting quietly for long hours in school too frequently receive a diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

Energetic children who have difficulty sitting quietly for long hours in school may be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, there is controversy over whether these children are being overdiagnosed and possibly mislabelled as having a psychiatric disorder, rather than simply being active children who need more physical activity and attention.

Question 19

Which of the following would not be considered a benefit of diagnostic labels?

Accepted Answer

While diagnostic labels can have benefits such as aiding research, aiding communication, and providing relief for sufferers, they also have potential drawbacks such as leading to self-fulfilling behaviors.

Question 20

Some of the new diagnoses in the DSM-5 worry many physicians and mental health workers because

Accepted Answer

Many physicians and mental health workers are concerned that adding new diagnoses to the DSM-5 will extend the pathologizing of everyday life, potentially leading to more people being labeled with a disorder when they may not necessarily require treatment.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders