Question 1

Which of the following disorders may co-exist with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior?

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-exists with learning disorders and defiant/temper-prone behavior. While anxiety and depressive disorders can also occur with these issues, they are less commonly associated with them than ADHD. Anorexia nervosa is a separate disorder related to disordered eating behaviors and is not typically linked to learning or behavioral issues.

Question 2

David Rosenhan and his fellow researchers were admitted as patients into various hospitals after they falsely complained of auditory hallucinations.After hospital clinicians analyzed these patients' quite normal life histories

Accepted Answer

After analyzing the patients' normal life histories, the hospital clinicians identified patient life history dynamics contributing to a psychological disorder. This suggests that the clinicians were able to identify underlying psychological factors that were contributing to the patients' complaints of auditory hallucinations, even though the patients themselves were not actually experiencing these hallucinations.

Question 3

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities.He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted.Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Larry's difficulty with organization and distractibility are common symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The other disorders listed do not match his symptoms.

Question 4

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

Accepted Answer

Labeling can create preconceived notions and biases about an individual, which can lead to discrimination and stigma. This labeling can result in unfair treatment and a lack of understanding towards the individual's situation.

Question 5

After George learned that Mrs.Min suffered from schizophrenia,he mistakenly concluded that her tendencies to laugh easily and smile frequently were symptoms of her disorder.This best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

This is an example of how a diagnostic label (in this case, schizophrenia) can bias a person's interpretation of someone's behavior, leading to overgeneralization and potentially negative consequences. It highlights the importance of caution when applying diagnostic labels and the need for individualized assessment.

Question 6

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic labels provide a shorthand way for mental health professionals to communicate complex symptoms to one another, enabling them to quickly understand the nature of a patient's condition and begin developing a treatment plan. While the use of diagnostic labels has some limitations and drawbacks, it is still an important tool in the practice of psychology and psychiatry.

Question 7

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys.A 2013 study indicated that ________ percent of 4- to 17-year-olds receive the diagnosis after displaying key symptoms.

Accepted Answer

ADHD is diagnosed less often in girls than in boys, reflecting differences in recognition and diagnosis patterns. A 2013 study indicated that approximately 11 percent of 4- to 17-year-olds receive the ADHD diagnosis after displaying key symptoms, highlighting the prevalence of the condition among children and adolescents.

Question 8

Although Adderall is a ________ drug,it is commonly used in the treatment of ________.

Accepted Answer

Adderall is a stimulant drug that is commonly used in the treatment of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). It works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help to improve focus, attention, and impulse control in people with ADHD. It is not commonly used in the treatment of PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), which is a mental health condition that is typically treated with psychotherapy or medication that targets symptoms such as anxiety and depression.

Question 9

The DSM-5 is most likely to be criticized for

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 has been criticized for expanding the definition of mental disorders to include everyday behaviors and emotions, leading to potentially problematic overdiagnosis and overtreatment. This broadening of criteria has been seen as a way of medicalizing normal human experiences rather than acknowledging the context-dependent nature of mental health.

Question 10

Marge recently lost her long-time partner and is suffering from severe grief.According to revisions in the DSM-5,her symptoms may qualify for a diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

The loss of a long-time partner can trigger a depressive disorder according to the DSM-5. Symptoms may include sadness, irritability, lack of energy, changes in appetite or sleep, and difficulty concentrating.

Question 11

The DSM-5 has broadened the diagnostic criteria for diagnosing children who exhibit persistent irritability and frequent temper outbursts.This pattern of behavior is labeled

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 introduced the diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder to describe children who exhibit persistent irritability and frequent temper outbursts. This diagnosis was added to reduce overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and provide a more accurate diagnosis for those who experience chronic irritability and temper tantrums. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder involves symptoms related to trauma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, not just irritability and temper outbursts.

Question 12

Some critics note that the DSM-5's labels are subjective,thus creating expectations in clinicians that can ________ when diagnosing and treating a patient.

Accepted Answer

The subjective labels in the DSM-5 can create expectations in clinicians that may become self-fulfilling, meaning the clinician may unconsciously or consciously diagnose and treat the patient in a way that aligns with the label or expectation. This can potentially lead to overdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. The other choices are not directly related to the issue of subjective labeling in the DSM-5.

Question 13

The ________ helps organize disorders according to behaviors and brain activity.

Accepted Answer

The Research Domain Criteria project is a framework developed by the National Institute of Mental Health that organizes disorders based on behaviors and brain activity. The other options, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the World Health Organization, and the National Institute of Mental Health, are all involved in mental health research and treatment but do not specifically organize disorders in this way.

Question 14

ADHD is often treated with the ________ drugs Ritalin and Adderall.

Accepted Answer

ADHD is typically treated with stimulant drugs such as Ritalin and Adderall, which increase dopamine levels in the brain and can improve focus and attention. Opiates are painkillers, hunger-arousing drugs increase appetite, and sleep-inducing drugs are used to treat insomnia.

Question 15

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments.He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates.Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Brian exhibits symptoms of impulsivity, forgetfulness, and difficulty with social interactions, which are all common symptoms associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 16

The fact that 11 percent of 4- to 17-year-old children and only 2.5 percent of adults meet the criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD may indicate that

Accepted Answer

The fact that a much higher percentage of children than adults meet the criteria for ADHD suggests that symptoms related to the disorder may lessen as children grow into adults.

Question 17

In the DSM-5,a condition formerly known as "Asperger's syndrome" is now included under the label

Accepted Answer

Asperger's syndrome is now classified as a part of the autism spectrum under the label "autism spectrum disorder" in the DSM-5.

Question 18

Inattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity are major symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are classic symptoms of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) is characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) is characterized by re-experiencing traumatic events, and DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is a manual used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health conditions.

Question 19

Terrance was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome when he was 6 years old.His disorder is now referred to as

Accepted Answer

Asperger's syndrome is now considered as a subtype of autism spectrum disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 20

When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities,they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom.This best illustrates that labeling

Accepted Answer

Labeling can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, where expectations about a person lead to behavior that causes those expectations to come true. In this case, labeling students as having learning disabilities may lead to behaviors from their peers that inhibit the labeled students' success, fulfilling the negative expectations associated with the label.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders