Question 1

Sam has a tendency to contribute little effort to group assignments,as he thinks others will be sure to pick up the slack in an effort to get a good grade.Social psychologists would call Sam a

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

When is social loafing least likely and most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. It is a concept widely studied in social psychology. Understanding when social loafing is least likely and most likely to occur can help in designing better team-based work environments.

Social loafing is least likely to occur under the following conditions:

1. **Small Groups**: When the group size is small, each member's contribution is more visible, and there is a greater sense of individual accountability.
2. **High Cohesion**: If group members share a strong bond and identify with the group, they are more motivated to contribute to the group's success.
3. **Task Significance**: When the task is meaningful and important to the individuals, they are more likely to put in effort.
4. **Individual Assessment**: If individual contributions are identified and assessed, members are less likely to loaf because they know their performance is being evaluated.
5. **High Task Interdependence**: When the task requires close collaboration and the output depends on the collective effort, members are more motivated to participate actively.
6. **Equity of Effort**: If all members are perceived to be contributing equally, individuals are less likely to reduce their effort.
7. **Unique Contributions**: When individuals have unique skills or knowledge that are necessary for the task, they feel more responsible and less likely to engage in social loafing.

Conversely, social loafing is most likely to occur under the following conditions:

1. **Large Groups**: In larger groups, individual contributions can be less noticeable, leading to a diffusion of responsibility.
2. **Low Task Visibility**: When it's difficult to identify individual contributions, people may feel less accountable and reduce their effort.
3. **Low Task Significance**: If the task is perceived as unimportant or boring, individuals may not be motivated to put in their best effort.
4. **Lack of Individual Assessment**: Without individual performance evaluations, there is less incentive for members to avoid social loafing.
5. **Low Task Interdependence**: If the task can be completed without much interaction or reliance on other group members, individuals might slack off, assuming others will pick up the slack.
6. **Perceived Inequity**: If some group members are seen as not pulling their weight, others may reduce their effort in response to the perceived unfairness.
7. **Anonymity**: When individuals feel anonymous within the group, they may be less concerned about their reputation and thus more likely to loaf.

By being aware of these factors, leaders and team members can take steps to minimize social loafing and encourage full participation from all group members. Strategies such as setting clear individual goals, providing feedback, fostering a strong group identity, and ensuring fair distribution of tasks can help mitigate the likelihood of social loafing.

Question 3

Sam has a tendency contribute little effort to group assignments,as he thinks others will be sure to pick up the slack in an effort to get a good grade.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates social loafing, which occurs when an individual puts forth less effort in a group setting because they feel their personal contribution is not necessary and others will compensate. Social facilitation involves increased performance due to the presence of others, deindividuation involves a loss of personal identity in a group setting, and mere presence refers to the presence of others having an effect without any specific interaction or influence.

Question 4

At your factory job,output was measured at the end of every day by how much the team of workers you belonged to produced.Because of this evaluation procedure,your behavior was characterized by _______;now that a new manager has taken over and each individual worker's output is measured by a computer,your behavior is now characterized by _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At your factory job,output was measured at...

Question 5

Compare and contrast social loafing and social facilitation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast social loafing and social...

Question 6

When being observed increases evaluation concerns,_______ occurs;when being lost in a crowd decreases evaluation concerns,_______ occurs.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation occurs when the presence of others leads to increased arousal and enhances the performance on simple tasks but can impair performance on complex tasks due to concerns about being evaluated. Social loafing describes the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone, often because the presence of others diffuses the sense of individual responsibility.

Question 7

People are more likely to exhibit social loafing if

Accepted Answer

The answer of People are more likely to exhibit social...

Question 8

When the output of collective farms and private plots were compared

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that private plots were more productive than collective farms in the Soviet Union. This was likely due to the fact that individuals had more incentive to work hard on their own land, and were able to reap the full benefits of their labor. Collective farms, on the other hand, suffered from a lack of individual motivation and often had to deal with problems of mismanagement and corruption.

Question 9

According to your text,people in _______ cultures exhibit less social loafing than people in _______ cultures.

Accepted Answer

According to the text, people in collectivistic cultures, which are also known as interdependent cultures, exhibit less social loafing than people in individualistic cultures. This is because in collectivistic cultures, individuals prioritize group harmony and cooperation over individual success, whereas in individualistic cultures, individuals are more focused on achieving individual goals and accomplishments.

Question 10

Your psychology professor has assigned group projects to your class.She has chosen to individually grade each student's contribution to the assignment as an attempt to reduce

Accepted Answer

The professor's decision to individually grade each student's contribution to the assignment is aimed at reducing social loafing, which is a tendency for people to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when they are working alone. By grading individual contributions, the professor is holding each student accountable and, thus, reducing the likelihood of social loafing.

Question 11

People in groups will loaf less when the

Accepted Answer

According to social psychology research, people in groups tend to "loaf" (put in less effort) when they feel less accountable for their individual contributions. They may also rely on others to do the work, feeling like their efforts won't make much of a difference in the overall outcome. However, when the task is challenging, important, or involving, individuals are more likely to feel accountable for their contributions and motivated to put in effort, leading to less loafing.

Question 12

found that when blindfolded participants thought they were pulling a tug of war with other participants,they _______ than when they thought they were pulling alone.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of social loafing, where individuals exert less effort when they believe they are part of a group compared to when they are working alone.

Question 13

When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated,evaluation apprehension is _______ and the probability of social loafing is _______.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation apprehension refers to the fear or concern that one's performance will be judged by others. When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated, there is a lower probability of evaluation apprehension, since the focus is on the group's overall performance rather than individual contributions. This can lead to a higher probability of social loafing, as individuals may feel less accountable for their contributions. Therefore, the best choice is B, where evaluation apprehension is low and the probability of social loafing is high.

Question 14

Sally's marching band is selling candy to raise money for new uniforms.All members are asked to sell candy bars.At the end of the month they will pool their money and make the purchase.This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

An additive task is one where the contributions of each group member are combined to form the group's output. In this case, each band member's sales contribute to the total amount of money raised for the uniforms.

Question 15

,participants were asked to shout and clap as loud as possible.Participants produced the most noise when they

Accepted Answer

Participants tend to produce the most noise when they believe they are shouting alone due to the social loafing effect, where individuals exert less effort when they are part of a group.

Question 16

_______ refers to the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is the phenomenon where individuals become less motivated and exert less effort when they work in a group towards a common goal. This occurs because the individual feels less accountable for the outcome, and therefore does not feel the need to put in as much effort as they would if they were working alone.

Question 17

Groups tend to loaf less when

Accepted Answer

The answer of Groups tend to loaf less when
...

Quiz 18: Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility