Question 1

Bacterial DNA is primarily compacted by supercoiling and folding. Briefly describe each mechanism.

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Question 2

________ are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are not part of the bacterial genome.

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Question 3

The DNA-protein complex that comprises eukaryotic chromosomes is called ________.

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Question 4

Each nucleus in a human somatic cell contains ________ chromosomes.

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Question 5

The total amount of hereditary information in an entire set of chromosomes is collectively referred to as an organism's ________.

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Question 6

The ability of DNA-binding proteins to initiate transcription can be hindered by the presence of ________ on the promoter regions of the DNA.

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Question 7

Histone proteins are the principal agents in chromatin packaging. The nucleosome core particle is a heterooctameric protein complex that contains two molecules each of the four histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Describe the process of managing existing nucleosome core particles during replication and the process of adding these and new nucleosome core particles to DNA after the replication
fork passes.

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Question 8

Quinolones are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that specifically target topoisomerase. Explain how this contributes to cell death in bacteria. Would you expect these drugs to kill hyperthermophilic prokaryotes too? Why or why not?

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Question 9

There is clear evidence that chromatin state is directly related to the ability of transcriptionally active proteins to initiate gene transcription. Compare and contrast euchromatin to heterochromatin in the context of transcription.

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Question 10

Eukaryotic chromosomes are a combination of proteins and DNA, which allows the cell to perform which four essential functions?

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Quiz 11: Chromosome Structure