Question 1

Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist and a British citizen.Her book,Society in America

Accepted Answer

The answer of Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist and...

Question 2

Harriet Martineau's book,How to Observe Manners and Morals,was the first

Accepted Answer

Martineau's book was pioneering in discussing the methodology of observing social behavior while being part of the situation, which was a novel approach at the time.

Question 3

According to Mills,the specific task of sociology is to

Accepted Answer

Mills believed that sociology should aim to comprehend human society and its influence on the lives of individuals. He called for sociologists to use their understanding of social structure to help individuals and groups navigate their social environment, but he did not see this as the primary task of sociology. Rather, he believed that sociology should be concerned with analyzing the broader social forces that shape individual experience. Mills did not focus on exposing exploitation or promoting verstehen as the specific task of sociology.

Question 4

Marx's work was devoted to explaining

Accepted Answer

Marx's work primarily focused on how capitalist societies were organized and how they operated, including their class structures, their systems of production and labor, and the ways in which power was distributed among various groups. He also offered critiques of capitalism as a system, arguing that it exploited workers and created inequalities that were fundamentally unjust. While Marx did touch on issues related to human behavior and social laws, these were not the central focus of his work. And while he was concerned with understanding society and social dynamics, he did not explicitly offer guidance on how to observe or participate in them.

Question 5

Sociology first emerged as a discipline in.

Accepted Answer

Sociology first emerged as a discipline in western Europe in the 19th century, with thinkers such as Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim laying the foundation for the study of society and social behavior. While sociology has since spread throughout the world, its origins can be traced back to Europe.

Question 6

Sociologists refer to the organized patterns of social relationships and social institutions that make up society as the.

Accepted Answer

The term "social structure" refers to the organized patterns of social relationships and social institutions that make up a society. This includes things like family structures, economic systems, political organizations, and religious institutions. It is a key concept in sociology and is used to understand the ways in which society is organized and how it functions. The other answer choices are also important concepts in sociology, but do not specifically refer to social relationships and institutions as social structure does.

Question 7

Peter Berger called the process whereby sociologists question actions and ideas that are usually taken for granted.

Accepted Answer

Peter Berger coined the term "debunking" to refer to the process of exposing the falseness or inadequacy of closely held beliefs or behaviors. He argued that this process is essential in sociology as it reveals the social construction of reality and the potential for change.

Question 8

According to Emile Durkheim

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim is best known for his theory of functionalism, which argues that society is held together by shared beliefs, values, and norms. Deviance, therefore, is not necessarily a negative thing, as it can serve to reinforce these shared beliefs and values by identifying and punishing those who violate them. Durkheim also believed that the economic system was important, but not necessarily the most important factor in shaping human behavior. Finally, while conflict theory is a popular theoretical approach in sociology, it is not Durkheim's preferred approach.

Question 9

Positivism refers to

Accepted Answer

Positivism emphasizes on scientific observation and description to study social phenomena. It emphasizes on using objective and empirical methods, and rejecting subjective and speculative approaches in social research. It was first suggested by Auguste Comte, and later developed by Emile Durkheim.

Question 10

When group differences are created by the social structure of society,sociologists refer to this as.

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The answer of When group differences are created by the...

Question 11

The Enlightenment had an enormous influence on the development of modern sociology because it was characterized by

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was marked by an emphasis on reason and rationality as the guiding principles for understanding and solving social problems. This belief in the power of reason greatly influenced the development of sociology, with early sociologists such as Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim stressing the use of scientific methods to study social phenomena. The Enlightenment did not focus on the spread of socialism or emphasize the supernatural, and while some Enlightenment thinkers challenged the authority of religion, it was not seen as a central system for understanding society.

Question 12

Durkheim conceptualized social facts as

Accepted Answer

Durkheim defined social facts as patterns of behavior, thinking, and feeling external to individuals that exert control over them. Social facts are things like norms, values, and institutions that exist independently of any individual's opinions or actions. So, option B is the most appropriate answer.

Question 13

Within sociology,the concept of diversity

Accepted Answer

Diversity in sociology encompasses a global perspective and includes differences in culture, ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality, religion, age, and ability, among others. It is not exclusive to specific groups or limited to the United States. Understanding diversity is often considered a crucial concept in sociology to understand social inequalities and power dynamics.

Question 14

Using the sociological perspective to debunk the assumptions of the education system reveals that schools

Accepted Answer

The sociological perspective reveals that schools not only provide learning opportunities but also teach socialization and reinforce social norms and values. This includes teaching students their place within society based on factors such as socioeconomic status, race, and gender. The assumption that schools provide equal opportunity for all students is debunked by research showing that factors such as race and class can significantly impact educational outcomes. There is also no evidence to support the claim that schools give girls more attention than boys.

Question 15

What is the sociological approach to diversity in society?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists view diversity as a result of social and cultural factors that shape individuals and groups within society. They recognize the importance of understanding diverse experiences and perspectives in society, including those based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, and other social categories. Sociologists aim to understand how these factors intersect and impact social relations, power structures, and opportunities.

Question 16

George Simmel was particularly interested in the role of "strangers" in social groups.According to Simmel,
Strangers have a unique perspective because while they are part of the group they also have.

Accepted Answer

Simmel believed that strangers have a critical distance from the group, allowing them to see the group from a unique perspective. This critical distance allows them to offer new ideas and perspectives while remaining impartial.

Question 17

The Enlightenment had an enormous influence on the development of modern sociology.The Enlightenment

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment is also known as the Age of Reason, and it occurred during the 18th century in Europe. It emphasized rationality, individualism, and scientific inquiry, which greatly influenced the development of sociology as a scientific discipline. The other options are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the Enlightenment.

Question 18

A fundamental concept for using one's sociological imagination is the distinction that Mills made between

Accepted Answer

Mills made a distinction between personal troubles (private problems experienced by individuals) and public issues (problems that affect society as a whole). Developing a sociological imagination involves being able to view personal troubles as connected to larger social issues, and understanding how society shapes individual experiences.

Question 19

The goal of the sociologists is to study controversial topics with an open mind,even if this results in the discovery
Of "inconvenient" or disturbing information.An example of an inconvenient fact presented in the text is that

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The answer of The goal of the sociologists is to...

Question 20

Alexis de Tocqueville and Harriet Martineau were alike in that both were

Accepted Answer

Both Alexis de Tocqueville and Harriet Martineau were interested in the newly emerging culture in America, as they both traveled to the United States and wrote about their observations of American society.

Quiz 1: Sociological Perspective